Antitumor activity of a phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeted against C-raf kinase (original) (raw)
Daum, G. et al. The ins and cuts of Raf kinases. Trends Biol. Sci.19, 474–480 (1994). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Nishida, E. & Gotoh, Y. The MAP kinase cascade is essential for diverse signal transduction pathways. Trends Biol. Sci.18, 128–131 (1993). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Vojtek, A.B., Hollenberg, S.M. & Cooper, J.A. Mammalian ras interacts directly with the serine/threonine kinase raf. Cell74, 205–214 (1993). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Zhang, X.F. et al. Normal and oncogenic p21_ras_ proteins bind to the amino-terminal regulatory domain of c-_raf_-1. Nature364, 308–313 (1993). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Warne, P.E., Viciana, P.R. & Downward, J. Direct interaction of ras and the amino-terminal region of _raf_-1 in vitro. Nature364, 352–355 (1993). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Fabian, J.R., Vojtek, A.B., Cooper, J.A. & Morrison, D.K. A single amino acid change in _raf_-1 inhibits ras binding and alters _raf_-1 function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA91, 5982–5986 (1984). Article Google Scholar
Bos, J.L. The ras gene family and human carcinogenesis. Mutat. Res.195, 255–271 (1988). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Bos, J.L. ras oncogenes in human cancer: A review. Cancer Res.49, 4682–4689 (1989). CAS Google Scholar
Rapp, U.R. et al. Structure and biological activity of v-raf, a unique oncogene transduced by a retrovirus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA80, 4218–4222 (1983). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Heidecker, G. et al. Mutational activation of C-_raf_-1 and definition of the minimal transforming sequence. Mol Cell. Biol.10, 2503–2512 (1990). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Stanton, V.P., Jr. & Cooper, G.M. Activation of human raf transforming genes by deletion of normal amino-terminal coding sequences. Mol. Cell. Biol.7, 1171–1179 (1987). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Fabian, J.R., Daar, I.O. & Morrison, D.K. Critical tyrosine residues regulate the enzymatic and biological activity of _raf_-1 kinase. Mol. Cell. Biol.13, 7170–7179 (1993). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Shimizu, K. et al. Molecular cloning of an activated human oncogene, homologous to v-raf, from primary stomach cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA82, 5641–5645 (1985). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Fukui, M. et al. Detection of a _raf_-related and two other transforming DNA sequences in human tumors maintained in nude mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA81, 5954–5958 (1985). Article Google Scholar
Rapp, U.R. et al. Role of raf oncogenes in lung carcinogenesis. Proc. from the Intl. Conf. on Hormones, Growth Factors and Oncogenes in Pulmonary Carcinoma (ed. Dunbar, B.S.) 122–137 (Plenum, London, 1987). Google Scholar
Rapp, U.R., Cleveland, J.L. & Storm, S.M. Oncogenes: Clinical Relevance. in Proceedings from Modern Trends in Leukemia VII: Hematology and Blood Transfusion. (eds. Neth, R., Gallo, R., Greaves, M.F. & Vanka, G.) 69–77 (Springer, Berlin, 1987). Google Scholar
Rapp, U.R., Cleveland, J.L., Bonner, T.I. & Storm, S.M. The raf oncogenes. in The Oncogene Handbook. (eds. Reddy, E.P., Skalka, A.M. & Curran, T.) 213–251 (Elsevier Science Publ., Amsterdam, 1988). Google Scholar
Wagner, R.W. The state of the art in antisense research. Nature Med.1, 1116–1118 (1995). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Crooke, S.T. Therapeutic applications of oligonucleotides. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol.32, 329–376 (1993). Article Google Scholar
Monia, B.P. et al. Evaluation of 2′ modified oligonucleotides containing 2′-deoxy gaps as antisense inhibitors of gene expression. J. Biol. Chem.268, 14514–14522 (1993). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Bennett, C.F. et al. Cationic lipids enhance cellular uptake and activity of phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides. Mol. Pharmacol.41, 1023–1033 (1992). CAS Google Scholar
Monia, B.P. et al. Selective inhibition of mutant Ha-ras mRNA expression by antisense oligonucleotides. J. Biol. Chem.267, 19954–19962 (1992). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Crooke, R.M., Graham, M.J., Cooke, M.E. & Crooke, S.T. In vitro pharmacokinetics of phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.275, 462–473 (1995). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Crooke, S.T. et al. Pharmacokinetic properties of several novel oligonucleotide analogues in mice. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (in the press).
Hoke, G. et al. Effects of phosphorothioate capping on antisense oligonucleotide stability, hybridization and antiviral efficacy versus herpes simplex virus infection. Nucleic Acids Res.19, 5743–5748 (1991). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Cailleau, R., Young, R., Olive, M. & Reeves, W.J., Jr. Breast tumor cell lines from pleural effusions. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.53, 661–674 (1974). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Shih, C. & Weinberg, R.A. Isolation of a transforming sequence from a human bladder carcinoma cell line. Cell29, 161–169 (1982). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Dean, N.M. & McKay, R. Inhibition of protein kinase C-alpha expression in mice after systemic administration of phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA91, 11762–11766 (1994). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Stepkowski, S.M., Tu, Y., Condon, T.P. & Bennett, C.F. Blocking of heart allograft rejection by intercellular adhesion molecule-1 antisense oligonucleotides alone or in combination with other immunosuppressive modalities. J. Immunol.153, 5336–5346 (1994). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Ulmer, J.B. et al. Heterologous protection against influenza by injection of DNA encoding a viral protein. Science259, 1745–1749 (1993). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Uhlenbeck, O.C. Complementary oligonucleotide binding to transfer RNA. J. Mol. Biol.65, 25–41 (1972). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Freier, S.M. & Tinoco, I., Jr. The binding of complementary oligoribonucleotides to yeast initiator transfer RNA. Biochemistry14, 3310–3314 (1975). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Herschlag, D. & Cech, T.R. Catalysis of RNA cleavage by the Tetrahymena thermophila ribozyme: Kinetic description of the reaction of an RNA substrate that forms a mismatch at the active site. Biochemistry29, 10172–10780 (1990). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Lima, W.F., Monia, B.P., Ecker, D.J. & Freier, S.M. Implication of RNA structure on antisense oligonucleotide hybridization kinetics. Biochemistry31, 12055–12061 (1992). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Bacon, T.A. & Wickstrom, E. Walking along human C-myc mRNA with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides: Maximum efficacy at the 5′ cap region. Oncogene Res.6, 13–19 (1991). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Chiang, M.-Y. et al. Antisense oligonucleotides inhibit intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression by two distinct mechanisms. J. Biol. Chem.266, 18162–18172 (1991). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Yamamoto, S. et al. DNA from bacteria, but not from vertebrates, induces interferons, activates natural killer cells and inhibits tumor growth. Microbiol. Immunol.36, 983–997 (1992). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kuramoto, E. et al. Oligonucleotide sequences required for natural killer cell activation. Jpn. J. Cancer Res.83, 1128–1131 (1992). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Yamamoto, T., Yamamoto, S., Kataoka, T. & Tokunaga, T. Lipofection of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide having a palindromic sequence of AACGTT to murine splenocytes enhances interferon production and natural killer activity. Microbiol. Immunol.38, 831–836 (1994). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Reddy, E.P. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the T24 human bladder carcinoma oncogene. Science220, 1061–1063 (1983). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Valenzuela, D.M. & Groffen, J. Four human carcinoma cell lines with novel mutations in position 12 of C-K-ras oncogene. Nucleic Acids Res.14, 844–852 (1986). Article Google Scholar
Bennett, C.F. et al. An ICAM-1 antisense oligonucleotide prevents and reverses dextran sulfate-induced colitis in mice. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (in the press).
Ausubel, F.M. et al. (eds.) Preparation and analysis of RNA. in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology. (Greene Publishing Assoc. and Wiley Interscience, New York, 1987). Google Scholar
Meyer, T. et al. A derivative of staurosporin (CGP 41 251) shows selectivity for protein kinase C inhibition and in vivo antitumor activity. Int. J. Cancer43, 851–856 (1989). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Blumer, K.J. & Johnson, G.L. Diversity in function and regulation of MAP kinase pathways. Trends Biol. Sci.19, 236–240 (1994). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Porras, A., Muszynski, K., Rapp, U.R. & Santos, E. Dissociation between activation of _Raf_-1 kinase and the 42-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase/90-kDa S6 kinase (MAPK/RSK) cascade in the insulin/Ras pathway of adipocytic differentiation of 3T3 L1 cells. J. Biol. Chem.269, 12741–12748 (1994). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Indolfi, C. et al. Inhibition of cellular ras prevents smooth muscle cell proliferation after vascular injury in vivo. Nature Med.1, 541–545 (1995). ArticleCAS Google Scholar