Leptin levels in human and rodent: Measurement of plasma leptin and ob RNA in obese and weight-reduced subjects (original) (raw)
Halaas, J.L. et al. Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene. Science269, 543–546 (1995). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Campfield, L.A., Smith, F.J., Guisez, Y., Devos, R. & Burn, P. Recombinant mouse OB protein: Evidence for a peripheral signal linking adiposity and central neural networks. Science269, 546–549 (1995). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Pelleymounter, M.A. et al. Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob mice. Science269, 540–543 (1995). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Zhang, Y. et al. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature372, 425–432 (1994). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Maffei, M. et al. Increased expression in adipocytes of ob RNA in mice with lesions of the hypothalamus and with mutations at the db locus. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.92, 6957–6960 (1995). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Green, E.D. et al. The human obese (OB) gene: RNA expression pattern and mapping on the physical, cytogenetic, and genetic maps of chromosome 7. Genome Res. 5, 5–12 (1995). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Masuzaki, H. et al. Adipocyte-specific expression and regional differences in the adipose tissue. Diabetes44, 855–858 (1995). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Kennedy, G.C. The role of depot fat in the hypothalamic control of food intake in the rat. Proc. R. Soc. (London)(B) 140, 578–592 (1953). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Coleman, D.L. Obese and diabetes: Two mutant genes causing diabetes-obesity syndromes in mice Diabetologia14, 141–148 (1978). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Lindpaintner, K. Clinical implications of basic research: Finding an obesity gene — A tale of mice and man. New Engl. J. Med.332, 679–680 (1995). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Friedman, J.M., Leibel, R.L., Siegel, D., Walsh, J. & Bahary, N. Molecular mapping of the mouse ob mutation. Genomics11, 1054–1062 (1991). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Truett, G.E., Bahary, N., Friedman, J.M. & Leibel, R.L. The rat obesity gene fatty (fa) maps to chromosome 5: Evidence for homology with the mouse gene diabetes (db). Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U. S.A.88, 7806–7809 (1991). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Debons, A.F., Krimsky, I., Maayan, M.L., Fani, K. & Jimenez, F.A. Gold thioglucose obesity syndrome. Fed. Proc.36, 143–147 (1977). CASPubMed Google Scholar
West, D.B., Boozer, C.N., Moody, D.L. & Atkinson, R.L. Obesity induced by a high fat diet in nine strains of inbred mice. Am. J. Physiol.262, R1025–R1032 (1992). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Barrows, C.H. & Kokkonen, C.G. Relationship between nutrition and aging. Adv. Nutr. Res.1, 253–298 (1977). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
MacDougald, O.A., Hwang, C.S., Fan, F. & Lane, M.D. Regulated expression of the obese gene product (leptin) in white adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (in the press).
Knowler, W.C., Pettitt, D.J. & Saad, M.F. Obesity in the Pima Indians: Its magnitude and relationship with diabetes. Am. J. clin. Nutr.53, 1543S–1551S (1991). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Dawson-Saunders, B. & Trapp, R.G. Basic and Clinical Biostatistics (Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, Connecticut, 1990). Google Scholar
Pouliot, M.C. et al. Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: Best simple anthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women. Am. J. Cardiol.73, 460–468 (1994). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Mohan, S. & Baylink, D.J. Development of a simple valid method for the complete removal of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding proteins from IGFs in human serum and other biological fluids: Comparison with acid-ethanol treatment and C18 Sep-Pak separation. J. clin. Endocrin. Metab.80, 637–647 (1995). CAS Google Scholar
Tannenbaum, G.S. & Martin, J.B. Evidence for an endogenous ultradian rhythm governing growth hormone secretion in the rat. Endocrinology98, 562–570 (1976). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Murakami, T. & Shima, K. Cloning of rat obese cDNA and Its expression in obese rats. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun.209, 944–952 (1995). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Bultman, S.J., Michaud, E.J. & Woychik, R.P. Molecular characterization of the mouse agouti locus. Cell71, 1195–1204 (1992). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Miller, M.W. et al. Cloning of the mouse agouti gene predicts a secreted protein ubiquitously expressed in mice carrying the lethal yellow mutation. Genes Devl.7, 454–467 (1993). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Lu, D. et al. Agouti protein is an antagonist of the melanocyte-stimulating-hormone receptor. Nature371, 799–802 (1994). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Coleman, D.L. & Eicher, E.M. Fat (fat) and tubby (tub), two autosomal recessive mutations causing obesity syndromes in the mouse. J. Hered.81, 424–427 (1990). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Naggert, J.K. et al. Hyperproinsulinaemia in obese fat/fat mice associated with a carboxypeptidase E mutation which reduces enzyme activity. Nature Genet.10, 135–142 (1995). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Funahashl, T. et al. Enhanced expression of rat obese (ob) gene in adipose tissues of ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)-lesioned rats. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun.211, 469–475 (1995). Article Google Scholar
Trayhurn, P., Thomas, M.E.A., Duncan, J.S. & Rayner, D.V. Effects of fasting and refeeding on ob gene expression in white adipose tissue of lean and obese (ob/ob) mice. FEBS Letters368, 488–490 (1995). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Lonnqvist, F., Arner, P., Nordfors, L. & Schalling, M. Overexpression of the obese (ob) gene in adipose tissue of human obese subjects. Nature Med.1, 950–953 (1995). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hamilton, B.S., Paglia, D., Kwan, A.Y.M. & Deitel, M. Increased obese mRNA expression in omental fat cells from massively obese humans. Nature Med.1, 953–956 (1995). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Leibel, R.L., Rosenbaum, M. & Hirsch, J. Changes in energy expenditure resulting from altered body weight. New Engl. J. Med.332, 621–628 (1995). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Leibel, R.L. A biologic radar system for the assessment of body mass. The model of a geometry sensitive endocrine system is presented. J. theor. Biol.66, 297–306 (1977). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Abrams, J.S. et al. Strategies of anti-cytokine monoclonal antibody development: Immunoassay of IL-10 and IL-5 in clinical samples. Immunol. Rev.127, 5–24 (1992). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Harlow, E. & Lane, D. Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, 1988). Google Scholar
Kern, P.A., Ong, J.M., Saffari, B. & Carty, J. The effects of weight loss on the activity and expression of adipose-tissue lipoprotein lipase in very obese humans. New Engl. J. Med.322, 1053–1059 (1990). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Kern, P.A. et al. The expression of tumor necrosis factor in human adipose tissue. Regulation by obesity, weight loss, and relationship to lipoprotein lipase. J. clin. Invest.95, 2111–2119 (1995). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Diabetes Mellitus: Report of a WHO Study Group. WHO Tech. Rep. 727, 796–769 (World Health Organization, Geneva, 1985).
Lillioja, S. et al. Insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunction as precursors of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. New Engl. J. Med.329, 1988–1992 (1993). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Goldman, R.F. & Bushkirk, E.R. Body volume measurement by underwater weighing: Description of a method. in Techniques for Measuring Body Composition: Proceedings of a Conference: Quartermaster Research and Engineering Center (eds Brozek, J. & Henschel, A.) 78–89 (National Research Council, Washington, DC, 1959). Google Scholar
Siri, W.E. Body composition from fluid spaces and density: Analysis of methods. In Techniques for Measuring Body Composition: Proceedings of a Conference: Quartermaster Research and Engineering Center (eds Brozek, J. & Henschel, A.) 223–244 (National Research Council, Washington, DC, 1959). Google Scholar
Chomczynski, P. & Sacchi, N. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Analyt. Biochem.162, 156–159 (1987). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Simsolo, R.B., Ong, J.M. & Kern, P.A. The regulation of adipose tissue and muscle lipoprotein lipase in runners by detraining. J. clin. Invest, 92, 2124–2130 (1993). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Feinberg, A.P. & Vogelstein, B. A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Analyt. Biochem.132, 6–13 (1983). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar