Host persistence: exploitation of anti-inflammatory pathways by Toxoplasma GONDII (original) (raw)
Morisaki, J. H., Heuser, J. E. & Sibley, L. D. Invasion of Toxoplasma gondii occurs by active penetration of the host cell. J. Cell Sci.108, 2457–2464 (1995). An important review ofT. gondiiinvasion mechanisms. CASPubMed Google Scholar
Martinez, A. J. et al. The neuropathology and epidemiology of AIDS. A Berlin experience. A review of 200 cases. Pathol. Res. Pract.191, 427–443 (1995). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hay, J. & Hutchison, W. M. Toxoplasma gondii — an environmental contaminant. Ecol. Dis.2, 33–43 (1983). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Hunter, C. A., Subauste, C. S., Van Cleave, V. H. & Remington, J. S. Production of γ interferon by natural killer cells from _Toxoplasma gondii_-infected SCID mice: regulation by interleukin-10, interleukin-12, and tumor necrosis factor α. Infect. Immun.62, 2818–2824 (1994). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Sher, A., Oswald, I. P., Hieny, S. & Gazzinelli, R. T. Toxoplasma gondii induces a T-independent IFN-γ response in natural killer cells that requires both adherent accessory cells and tumor necrosis factor-α. J. Immunol.150, 3982–3989 (1993). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Gazzinelli, R. T. et al. Parasite-induced IL-12 stimulates early IFN-γ synthesis and resistance during acute infection with Toxoplasma gondii. J. Immunol.153, 2533–2543 (1994). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Denkers, E. Y. From cells to signaling cascades: manipulation of innate immunity by Toxoplasma gondii. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol.39, 193–203 (2003). An up-to-date review of signalling cascades that are triggered byT. gondii. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Reis e Sousa, C. et al. In vivo microbial stimulation induces rapid CD40 ligand-independent production of interleukin 12 by dendritic cells and their redistribution to T cell areas. J. Exp. Med.186, 1819–1829 (1997). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Aliberti, J. et al. CCR5 provides a signal for microbial induced production of IL-12 by CD8α+ dendritic cells. Nature Immunol.1, 83–87 (2000). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Aliberti, J. et al. Molecular mimicry of a CCR5 binding-domain in the microbial activation of dendritic cells. Nature Immunol.4, 485–490 (2003). Identification of a CCR5 ligand mimic fromT. gondiithat activates IL-12 production by DCs. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Golding, H. et al. Inhibition of HIV-1 infection by a CCR5-binding cyclophilin from Toxoplasma gondii. Blood102, 3280–3286 (2003). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Yarovinsky, F. et al. Structural determinants of the anti-HIV activity of a CCR5 antagonist derived from Toxoplasma gondii. J. Biol. Chem.279, 53635–53642 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Scanga, C. A. et al. MyD88 is required for resistance to Toxoplasma gondii infection and regulates parasite-induced IL-12 production by dendritic cells. J. Immunol.168, 5997–6001 (2002). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Scharton-Kersten, T., Contursi, C., Masumi, A., Sher, A. & Ozato, K. Interferon consensus sequence binding protein-deficient mice display impaired resistance to intracellular infection due to a primary defect in interleukin 12 p40 induction. J. Exp. Med.186, 1523–1534 (1997). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Trinchieri, G. Interleukin-12 and the regulation of innate resistance and adaptive immunity. Nature Rev. Immunol.3, 133–146 (2003). An up-to-date review of IL-12 biology. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Mason, N. J. et al. TRAF6-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase activation differentially regulates the production of interleukin-12 by macrophages in response to Toxoplasma gondii. Infect. Immun.72, 5662–5667 (2004). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Tsujimura, H. et al. ICSBP/IRF-8 retrovirus transduction rescues dendritic cell development in vitro. Blood101, 961–969 (2003). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Yap, G. S. & Sher, A. Cell-mediated immunity to Toxoplasma gondii: initiation, regulation and effector function. Immunobiology201, 240–247 (1999). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Karp, C. L. & Wills-Karp, M. Complement and IL-12: yin and yang. Microbes Infect.3, 109–119 (2001). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Son, E. S., Song, K. J., Shin, J. C. & Nam, H. W. Molecular cloning and characterization of peroxiredoxin from Toxoplasma gondii. Korean J. Parasitol.39, 133–141 (2001). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Salek-Ardakani, S., Arrand, J. R. & Mackett, M. Epstein–Barr virus encoded interleukin-10 inhibits HLA-class I, ICAM-1, and B7 expression on human monocytes: implications for immune evasion by EBV. Virology304, 342–351 (2002). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Fiorentino, D. F. et al. IL-10 acts on the antigen-presenting cell to inhibit cytokine production by TH1 cells. J. Immunol.146, 3444–3451 (1991). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Haig, D. M. Poxvirus interference with the host cytokine response. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol.63, 149–156 (1998). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
van de Loo, F. A. & van den Berg, W. B. Gene therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Lessons from animal models, including studies on interleukin-4, interleukin-10, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist as potential disease modulators. Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am.28, 127–149 (2002). ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Wille, U., Villegas, E. N., Striepen, B., Roos, D. S. & Hunter, C. A. Interleukin-10 does not contribute to the pathogenesis of a virulent strain of Toxoplasma gondii. Parasite Immunol.23, 291–296 (2001). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Deckert-Schluter, M. et al. Interleukin-10 downregulates the intracerebral immune response in chronic Toxoplasma encephalitis. J. Neuroimmunol.76, 167–176 (1997). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Suzuki, Y. et al. IL-10 is required for prevention of necrosis in the small intestine and mortality in both genetically resistant BALB/c and susceptible C57BL/6 mice following peroral infection with Toxoplasma gondii. J. Immunol.164, 5375–5382 (2000). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Gazzinelli, R. T. et al. In the absence of endogenous IL-10, mice acutely infected with Toxoplasma gondii succumb to a lethal immune response dependent on CD4+ T cells and accompanied by overproduction of IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α. J. Immunol.157, 798–805 (1996). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Reis e Sousa, C. et al. Paralysis of dendritic cell IL-12 production by microbial products prevents infection-induced immunopathology. Immunity11, 637–647 (1999). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Aliberti, J., Hieny, S., Reis e Sousa, C., Serhan, C. N. & Sher, A. Lipoxin-mediated inhibition of IL-12 production by DCs: a mechanism for regulation of microbial immunity. Nature Immunol.3, 76–82 (2002). An original report on the inhibitory effects of LXA4on DC functionin vivoandin vitro. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kieran, N. E., Maderna, P. & Godson, C. Lipoxins: potential anti-inflammatory, proresolution, and antifibrotic mediators in renal disease. Kidney Int.65, 1145–1154 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Samuelsson, B. Arachidonic acid metabolism: role in inflammation. Z. Rheumatol.50 (Suppl. 1), 3–6 (1991). PubMed Google Scholar
Goh, J., Godson, C., Brady, H. R. & Macmathuna, P. Lipoxins: pro-resolution lipid mediators in intestinal inflammation. Gastroenterology124, 1043–1054 (2003). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Van Dyke, T. E. & Serhan, C. N. Resolution of inflammation: a new paradigm for the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. J. Dent. Res.82, 82–90 (2003). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Bandeira-Melo, C. et al. Lipoxin (LX) A4 and aspirin-triggered 15-epi-LXA4 block allergen-induced eosinophil trafficking. J. Immunol.164, 2267–2271 (2000). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Clish, C. B. et al. Local and systemic delivery of a stable aspirin-triggered lipoxin prevents neutrophil recruitment in vivo. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA96, 8247–8252 (1999). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Hachicha, M., Pouliot, M., Petasis, N. A. & Serhan, C. N. Lipoxin (LX)A4 and aspirin-triggered 15-epi-LXA4 inhibit tumor necrosis factor 1α-initiated neutrophil responses and trafficking: regulators of a cytokine–chemokine axis. J. Exp. Med.189, 1923–1930 (1999). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Ohira, T. et al. A stable aspirin-triggered lipoxin A4 analog blocks phosphorylation of leukocyte-specific protein 1 in human neutrophils. J. Immunol.173, 2091–2098 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Ramstedt, U., Ng, J., Wigzell, H., Serhan, C. N. & Samuelsson, B. Action of novel eicosanoids lipoxin A and B on human natural killer cell cytotoxicity: effects on intracellular cAMP and target cell binding. J. Immunol.135, 3434–3438 (1985). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Maddox, J. F. et al. Lipoxin A4 stable analogs are potent mimetics that stimulate human monocytes and THP-1 cells via a G-protein-linked lipoxin A4 receptor. J. Biol. Chem.272, 6972–6978 (1997). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Schaldach, C. M., Riby, J. & Bjeldanes, L. F. Lipoxin A4: a new class of ligand for the Ah receptor. Biochemistry38, 7594–7600 (1999). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Devchand, P. R. et al. Human ALX receptor regulates neutrophil recruitment in transgenic mice: roles in inflammation and host defense. FASEB J.17, 652–659 (2003). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Leonard, M. O. et al. 15-Epi-16-(para-fluorophenoxy)-lipoxin A4-methyl ester, a synthetic analogue of 15-epi-lipoxin A4, is protective in experimental ischemic acute renal failure. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.13, 1657–1662 (2002). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Alexander, W. S. & Hilton, D. J. The role of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins in regulation of the immune response. Annu. Rev. Immunol.22, 503–529 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Kile, B. T. et al. The SOCS box: a tale of destruction and degradation. Trends Biochem. Sci.27, 235–241 (2002). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hong, S., Gronert, K., Devchand, P. R., Moussignac, R. L. & Serhan, C. N. Novel docosatrienes and 17_S_-resolvins generated from docosahexaenoic acid in murine brain, human blood, and glial cells. Autacoids in anti-inflammation. J. Biol. Chem.278, 14677–14687 (2003). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Serhan, C. N. et al. Resolvins: a family of bioactive products of omega-3 fatty acid transformation circuits initiated by aspirin treatment that counter proinflammation signals. J. Exp. Med.196, 1025–1037 (2002). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Aliberti, J., Serhan, C. & Sher, A. Parasite-induced lipoxin A4 is an endogenous regulator of IL-12 production and immunopathology in Toxoplasma gondii infection. J. Exp. Med.196, 1253–1262 (2002). An original report on the role of endogenous lipoxins in modulating pro-inflammatory responses during infection withT. gondii. ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Funk, C. D., Chen, X. S., Johnson, E. N. & Zhao, L. Lipoxygenase genes and their targeted disruption. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat.68–69, 303–312 (2002). ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Goulet, J. L. et al. Deficiency of 5-lipoxygenase abolishes sex-related survival differences in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. J. Immunol.163, 359–366 (1999). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Bannenberg, G. L., Aliberti, J., Hong, S., Sher, A. & Serhan, C. Exogenous pathogen and plant 15-lipoxygenase initiate endogenous lipoxin A4 biosynthesis. J. Exp. Med.199, 515–523 (2004). Identification of a lipoxygenase activity inT. gondiithat has immunomodulatory effectsin vivo. ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Levy, B. D., Clish, C. B., Schmidt, B., Gronert, K. & Serhan, C. N. Lipid mediator class switching during acute inflammation: signals in resolution. Nature Immunol.2, 612–619 (2001). ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Vance, R. E., Hong, S., Gronert, K., Serhan, C. N. & Mekalanos, J. J. The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa carries a secretable arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA.101, 2135–2139 (2004). Identification of a 15-lipoxygenase in the cystic-fibrosis-causing pathogenP. aeruginosa. ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Karp, C. L. et al. Defective lipoxin-mediated anti-inflammatory activity in the cystic fibrosis airway. Nature Immunol.5, 388–392 (2004). Identification of a defect in the generation of lipoxin in patients with cystic fibrosis. ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Chan, J. & Flynn, J. The immunological aspects of latency in tuberculosis. Clin. Immunol.110, 2–12 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Flynn, J. L. & Chan, J. Immune evasion by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: living with the enemy. Curr. Opin. Immunol.15, 450–455 (2003). An up-to-date review on the immune-evasion mechanisms ofM. tuberculosis. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar