Distinct Genetic Influences on Cortical Surface Area and Cortical Thickness (original) (raw)

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Matthew S. Panizzon ,

1Department of Psychiatry

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Christine Fennema-Notestine ,

Christine Fennema-Notestine

1Department of Psychiatry

2Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA

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Lisa T. Eyler ,

1Department of Psychiatry

3San Diego Veterans Administration Health Care System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA

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Terry L. Jernigan ,

1Department of Psychiatry

2Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA

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Elizabeth Prom-Wormley ,

4Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23219, USA

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Michael Neale ,

4Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23219, USA

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Kristen Jacobson ,

5Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA

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Michael J. Lyons ,

6Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA

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Michael D. Grant ,

6Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA

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Carol E. Franz ,

1Department of Psychiatry

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Matthew S. Panizzon, Christine Fennema-Notestine, Lisa T. Eyler, Terry L. Jernigan, Elizabeth Prom-Wormley, Michael Neale, Kristen Jacobson, Michael J. Lyons, Michael D. Grant, Carol E. Franz, Hong Xian, Ming Tsuang, Bruce Fischl, Larry Seidman, Anders Dale, William S. Kremen, Distinct Genetic Influences on Cortical Surface Area and Cortical Thickness, Cerebral Cortex, Volume 19, Issue 11, November 2009, Pages 2728–2735, https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhp026
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Abstract

Neuroimaging studies examining the effects of aging and neuropsychiatric disorders on the cerebral cortex have largely been based on measures of cortical volume. Given that cortical volume is a product of thickness and surface area, it is plausible that measures of volume capture at least 2 distinct sets of genetic influences. The present study aims to examine the genetic relationships between measures of cortical surface area and thickness. Participants were men in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (110 monozygotic pairs and 92 dizygotic pairs). Mean age was 55.8 years (range: 51–59). Bivariate twin analyses were utilized in order to estimate the heritability of cortical surface area and thickness, as well as their degree of genetic overlap. Total cortical surface area and average cortical thickness were both highly heritable (0.89 and 0.81, respectively) but were essentially unrelated genetically (genetic correlation = 0.08). This pattern was similar at the lobar and regional levels of analysis. These results demonstrate that cortical volume measures combine at least 2 distinct sources of genetic influences. We conclude that using volume in a genetically informative study, or as an endophenotype for a disorder, may confound the underlying genetic architecture of brain structure.

© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected]

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