Inflammatory cytokines in atherosclerosis: current therapeutic approaches (original) (raw)
Journal Article
1
First Department of Cardiology, ‘Hippokration’ Hospital
,
University of Athens Medical School
,
Vasilissis Sofias 114
,
TK 115 28 Athens
,
Greece
*Corresponding author. Tel: +30 213 2088099, Fax: +30 213 2088676, Email: [email protected]
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1
First Department of Cardiology, ‘Hippokration’ Hospital
,
University of Athens Medical School
,
Vasilissis Sofias 114
,
TK 115 28 Athens
,
Greece
Search for other works by this author on:
1
First Department of Cardiology, ‘Hippokration’ Hospital
,
University of Athens Medical School
,
Vasilissis Sofias 114
,
TK 115 28 Athens
,
Greece
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2
Cardiovascular Sciences Department, Institute of Cardiology
,
Catholic University of the Sacred Heart
,
Rome
,
Italy
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3
Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute
,
St George's University of London
,
London
,
UK
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Received:
21 September 2015
Revision received:
25 November 2015
Accepted:
24 December 2015
Published:
02 February 2016
Cite
Dimitris Tousoulis, Evangelos Oikonomou, Evangelos K. Economou, Filippo Crea, Juan Carlos Kaski, Inflammatory cytokines in atherosclerosis: current therapeutic approaches, European Heart Journal, Volume 37, Issue 22, 7 June 2016, Pages 1723–1732, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv759
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Abstract
The notion of atherosclerosis as a chronic inflammatory disease has intensified research on the role of cytokines and the way these molecules act and interact to initiate and sustain inflammation in the microenvironment of an atherosclerotic plaque. Cytokines are expressed by all types of cells involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, act on a variety of targets exerting multiple effects, and are largely responsible for the crosstalk among endothelial, smooth muscle cells, leucocytes, and other vascular residing cells. It is now understood that widely used drugs such as statins, aspirin, methotrexate, and colchicine act in an immunomodulatory way that may beneficially affect atherogenesis and/or cardiovascular disease progression. Moreover, advancement in pharmaceutical design has enabled the production of highly specific antibodies against key molecules involved in the perpetuation of the inflammatory cascade, raising hope for advances in the treatment of atherosclerosis. This review describes the actions and effects of these agents, their potential clinical significance, and future prospects.
Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2016. For permissions please email: [email protected].
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