Sleep Spindles and Their Significance for Declarative Memory Consolidation (original) (raw)

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1Department of Physiological Psychology, University of Salzburg

*Address correspondence to: Manuel Schabus, PhD, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr.34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Fax: +43-8044-5126; E-mail: manuel.schabus@sbg.ac.at

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2Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna

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2Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna

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3Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria

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3Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria

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2Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna

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1Department of Physiological Psychology, University of Salzburg

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2Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna

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Josef Zeitlhofer, MD, PhD

3Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria

Disclosure Statement

This is not an industry supported study. Dr. Gruber is a part-time employee of The Siesta Group Schlafanalyse GmbH; and has participated in research projects on automated sleep analysis. Drs. Schabus, Parapatics, Sauter, Klösch, Anderer, Klimesch, Saletu, and Zeitlhofer have indicated no financial conflicts of interest.

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Received:

01 January 2004

Published:

01 December 2004

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Manuel Schabus, Georg Gruber, Silvia Parapatics, Cornelia Sauter, Gerhard Klösch, Peter Anderer, Wolfgang Klimesch, Bernd Saletu, Josef Zeitlhofer, Sleep Spindles and Their Significance for Declarative Memory Consolidation, Sleep, Volume 27, Issue 8, December 2004, Pages 1479–1485, https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/27.7.1479
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Abstract

Study Objectives:

Functional significance of stage 2 sleep spindle activity for declarative memory consolidation.

Design

Randomized, within-subject, multicenter.

Setting:

Weekly sleep laboratory visits, actigraphy, and sleep diary (4 weeks).

Participants:

Twenty-four healthy subjects (12 men) aged between 20 and 30 years.

Interventions:

Declarative memory task or nonlearning control task before sleep.

Measurement and Results:

This study measured spindle activity during stage 2 sleep following a (declarative) word-pair association task as compared to a control task. Participants performed a cued recall in the evening after learning (160 word pairs) as well as in the subsequent morning after 8 hours of undisturbed sleep with full polysomnography. Overnight change in the number of recalled words, but not absolute memory performance, correlated significantly with increased spindle activity during the experimental night (r24 = .63, P < .01). Time spent in each sleep stage could not account for this relationship.

Conclusion:

A growing body of evidence supports the active role of sleep for information reprocessing. Whereas past research focused mainly on the distinct rapid eye movement and slow-wave sleep, these results indicate that increased sleep stage 2 spindle activity is related to an increase in recall performance and, thus, may reflect memory consolidation.

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Topic:

• eye movement
• polysomnography
• mental recall
• sleep stages
• memory
• sleep
• sleep, slow-wave
• memory consolidation
• sleep spindles
• actigraphy
• sleep diary

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