Short Sleep Duration in Middle Childhood: Risk Factors and Consequences (original) (raw)

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Gillian M. Nixon, MBChB, FRACP, MD

1Ritchie Centre for Baby Health Research, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

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John M. D. Thompson, MSc, PhD

2Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

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2Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

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3Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

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Phillipa M. Clark, FRACP, MD

2Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

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4Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

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Karen E. Waldie, MSc, PhD

5Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

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6Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

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Peter N. Black, MBChB, FRACP

7Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

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Edwin A. Mitchell, FRACP, DSc

2Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

Disclosure Statement

This was not an industry supported study. Dr. Nixon has financial interests in a private clinical practice in pediatric respiratory and sleep medicine. The other authors have indicated no conflicts of interest.

*Address correspondence to: Professor Ed Mitchell, Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; Tel: +64 9 3737599, Ext: 86431; Fax: +64 9 3737486; E-mail: e.mitchell@auckland.ac.nz

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Published:

01 January 2008

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Gillian M. Nixon, John M. D. Thompson, Dug Yeo Han, David M. Becroft, Phillipa M. Clark, Elizabeth Robinson, Karen E. Waldie, Chris J. Wild, Peter N. Black, Edwin A. Mitchell, Short Sleep Duration in Middle Childhood: Risk Factors and Consequences, Sleep, Volume 31, Issue 1, January 2008, Pages 71–78, https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/31.1.71
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Abstract

Study Objectives:

To measure sleep duration in 7-year-old children; identify the determinants of sleep duration; and assess the association between short sleep duration and obesity, cognitive functioning, and behaviour.

Design:

Longitudinal study with disproportionate sampling of the participants.

Participants:

591 seven-year-old children, of whom 519 had complete sleep data.

Interventions:

Not applicable.

Measurements:

Sleep duration was assessed by actigraphy. Other measurements included height, weight, BMI, percentage body fat as assessed by bioimpedance assay, intelligence (WISC-III) and behaviour (Strengths & Difficulties questionnaire, parent and teachers Conners Rating Scales).

Results:

Mean time in bed according to parental report was 10.9 hours (SD 0.8). Mean sleep duration by actigraphy was 10.1 (SD 0.8) hours. In multivariable analysis, sleep duration was longer on weekdays vs. weekend nights (31.5 min, P = 0.002), in winter (40.5 min), autumn (31.1 min), and spring (14.8 min) compared with summer (P <0.0001), and in those with younger siblings (11.7 min, P = 0.03). Sleep duration was shorter when bedtime was after 21:00 (−41.1 min, P <0.0001). In multivariable analysis, sleep duration <9 hours was associated with being overweight/ obese (BMI: OR = 3.32; 95% CI = 1.40, 7.87) with an increase of 3.34% body fat (P = 0.03), and this was not explained by physical activity or television watching. Short sleep duration was also associated with higher emotional lability scores (Conners Rating Scale Parent Form; P = 0.03). IQ (WISC-III) and attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder scores (both parent and teachers Conners Rating Scales) did not differ with sleep duration.

Conclusions:

Sleep duration in 7-year-old children varies considerably among individuals. The duration is affected by weekday, season, and having younger siblings. Importantly, short sleep duration was shown to be an independent risk factor for obesity/overweight.

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Topic:

• obesity
• physical activity
• body mass index procedure
• attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
• child
• intelligence
• mental processes
• relationship - sibling
• television
• sleep
• mood swings
• body fat
• middle childhood
• adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
• cognitive ability
• weekend
• community
• teachers
• overweight
• actigraphy
• weight measurement scales
• sleep duration
• parent report measures
• bedtime

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