Relaxed Phylogenetics and the Palaeoptera Problem: Resolving Deep Ancestral Splits in the Insect Phylogeny (original) (raw)

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1Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK; 2Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia; 3Institute for Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK; and 4Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK

*Correspondence to be sent to: Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK; E-mail: jessica.thomas@york.ac.uk

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1Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK; 2Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia; 3Institute for Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK; and 4Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK

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1Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK; 2Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia; 3Institute for Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK; and 4Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK

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1Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK; 2Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia; 3Institute for Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK; and 4Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK

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Received:

25 February 2011

Revision received:

30 November 2012

Published:

08 January 2013

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Jessica A. Thomas, John W. H. Trueman, Andrew Rambaut, John J. Welch, Relaxed Phylogenetics and the Palaeoptera Problem: Resolving Deep Ancestral Splits in the Insect Phylogeny, Systematic Biology, Volume 62, Issue 2, March 2013, Pages 285–297, https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys093
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Abstract

The order in which the 3 groups of winged insects (the Pterygota) diverged from their common ancestor has important implications for understanding the origin of insect flight. But despite this importance, the split between the Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies), Ephemeroptera (mayflies), and Neoptera (the other winged orders) remains very much unresolved. Indeed, previous studies have obtained strong apparent support for each of the 3 possible branching patterns. Here, we present a systematic reinvestigation of the basal pterygote split. Our results suggest that outgroup choice and limited taxon sampling have been major sources of systematic error, even for data sets with a large number of characters (e.g., in phylogenomic data sets). In particular, a data set of 113 taxa provides consistent support for the Palaeoptera hypothesis (the grouping of Odonata with Ephemeroptera), whereas results from data sets with fewer taxa give inconsistent results and are highly sensitive to minor changes in data and methods. We also focus on recent methods that exploit temporal information using fossil calibrations, combined with additional assumptions about the evolutionary process, and so reduce the influence of outgroup choice. These methods are shown to provide more consistent results, for example, supporting Palaeoptera, even for data sets that previously supported other hypotheses. Together, these results have implications for understanding insect origins and for resolving other problematic splits in the tree of life. [Bayesian phylogenetics; BEAST; Chiastomyaria; Metapterygota; Pterygota.]

© The Author(s) 2013. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

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