Indirect genetics effects and evolutionary constraint: an analysis of social dominance in red deer, Cervus elaphus (original) (raw)
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Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Alastair J. Wilson, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. Tel.: +44 0131 650 5499; fax: +44 0131 650 5455; e‐mail: alastair.wilson@ed.ac.uk
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Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Received:
01 September 2010
Revision received:
22 November 2010
Accepted:
29 November 2010
Cite
A. J. Wilson, M. B. Morrissey, M. J. Adams, C. A. Walling, F. E. Guinness, J. M. Pemberton, T. H. Clutton‐brock, L. E. B. Kruuk, Indirect genetics effects and evolutionary constraint: an analysis of social dominance in red deer, Cervus elaphus, Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Volume 24, Issue 4, 1 April 2011, Pages 772–783, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02212.x
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Abstract
By determining access to limited resources, social dominance is often an important determinant of fitness. Thus, if heritable, standard theory predicts mean dominance should evolve. However, dominance is usually inferred from the tendency to win contests, and given one winner and one loser in any dyadic contest, the mean proportion won will always equal 0.5. Here, we argue that the apparent conflict between quantitative genetic theory and common sense is resolved by recognition of indirect genetic effects (IGEs). We estimate selection on, and genetic (co)variance structures for, social dominance, in a wild population of red deer Cervus elaphus, on the Scottish island of Rum. While dominance is heritable and positively correlated with lifetime fitness, contest outcomes depend as much on the genes carried by an opponent as on the genotype of a focal individual. We show how this dependency imposes an absolute evolutionary constraint on the phenotypic mean, thus reconciling theoretical predictions with common sense. More generally, we argue that IGEs likely provide a widespread but poorly recognized source of evolutionary constraint for traits influenced by competition.
© 2011 The Authors. Journal of Evolutionary Biology © 2011 European Society For Evolutionary Biology
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