Effect of Prolonged In Vivo Administration of Progesterone in Pregnancy on Myometrial Gene Expression, Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Activation, and Circulating Steroid Hormone Levels (original) (raw)

• March of Dimes Foundation. In: March of Dimes White Paper on Preterm Birth: The Global and Regional Toll. White Plains, NY: March of Dimes Foundation; 2009.
  Google Scholar
• Dodd JM, Flenady VJ, Cincotta R, Crowther CA. Progesterone for the prevention of preterm birth: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;112(1):127–134.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Doyle LW. Antenatal progesterone to prevent preterm birth. Lancet. 2009;373(9680):2000–2002.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Muglia LJ, Katz M. The enigma of spontaneous preterm birth. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(6):529–535.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Yuan M, Jordan F, McInnes IB, Harnett MM, Norman JE. Leukocytes are primed in peripheral blood for activation during term and preterm labour. Mol Hum Reprod. 2009;15(11):713–724.
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Smith R, Smith JI, Shen X, et al. Patterns of plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone, progesterone, estradiol, and estriol change and the onset of human labor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(6):2066–2074.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Mesiano S, Chan EC, Fitter JT, Kwek K, Yeo G, Smith R. Progesterone withdrawal and estrogen activation in human parturition are coordinated by progesterone receptor A expression in the myometrium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(6):2924–2930.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Condon JC, Hardy DB, Kovaric K, Mendelson CR. Up-regulation of the progesterone receptor (PR)-C isoform in laboring myometrium by activation of nuclear factor-kappaB may contribute to the onset of labor through inhibition of PR function. Mol Endocrinol. 2006;20(4):764–775.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Condon JC, Jeyasuria P, Faust JM, Wilson JW, Mendelson CR. A decline in the levels of progesterone receptor coactivators in the pregnant uterus at term may antagonize progesterone receptor function and contribute to the initiation of parturition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100(16):9518–9523.
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Allport VC, Pieber D, Slater DM, Newton R, White JO, Bennett PR. Human labour is associated with nuclear factor-kappaB activity which mediates cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression and is involved with the ‘functional progesterone withdrawal.’. Mol Hum Reprod. 2001;7(6):581–586.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Samalecos A, Gellersen B. Systematic expression analysis and antibody screening do not support the existence of naturally occurring progesterone receptor (PR)-C, PR-M, or other truncated PR isoforms. Endocrinology. 2008;149(11):5872–5887.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Block BS, Liggins GC, Creasy RK. Preterm delivery is not predicted by serial plasma estradiol or progesterone concentration measurements. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1984;150(6):716–722.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Palliser HK, Zakar T, Symonds IM, Hirst JJ. Progesterone receptor isoform expression in the guinea pig myometrium from normal and growth restricted pregnancies. Reprod Sci. 2010;17(8):776–782.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Osman I, Young A, Ledingham MA, et al. Leukocyte density and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in human fetal membranes, decidua, cervix and myometrium before and during labour at term. Mol Hum Reprod. 2003;9(1):41–45.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Norman JE, Mackenzie F, Owen P, et al. Progesterone for the prevention of preterm birth in twin pregnancy (STOPPIT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2009;373(9680):2034–2040.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Thomson A, Telfer JF, Young A, et al. Leukocytes infiltrate the myometrium during human parturtion: further evidence that labour is an inflammatory process. Hum Reprod. 1999;14(1):229–236.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Young A, Thomson AJ, Ledingham M, Jordan F, Greer IA, Norman JE. Immunolocalization of pro-inflammatory cytokines in myometrium, cervix and fetal membranes during human parturition at term. Biol Reprod. 2002;66(2):445–449.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Biosciences B. Introduction to flow cytometry: a learning guide; 2002. http://www.bdbiosciences.com/immunocytometry_systems/support//training//flow_cytometry_learning_guide.pdf URI. Accessed 6.1.10.
• Korpi-Steiner NL, Sheerar D, Puffer EB, et al. Standardized method to minimize variability in a functional P2X(7) flow cytometric assay for a multi-center clinical trial. Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2008;74(5):319–329.
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Waxdal MJ, Monical MC, Palini AG. Inter-laboratory relative fluorescence intensity measurements using FlowCal 575 calibration beads: a baseline study. Cytometry. 1998;33(2):213–218.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Caritis SN, Rouse DJ, Peaceman AM, et al. Prevention of preterm birth in triplets using 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113(2 pt 1):285–292.
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Rouse DJ, Caritis SN, Peaceman AM, et al. A trial of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate to prevent prematurity in twins. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(5):454–461.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Lyall F, Lye S, Teoh T, Cousins F, Milligan G, Robson S. Expression of Gsalpha, connexin-43, connexin-26, and EP1, 3, and 4 receptors in myometrium of prelabor singleton versus multiple gestations and the effects of mechanical stretch and steroids on Gsalpha. J Soc Gynecol Investig. 2002;9(5):299–307.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Zhao K, Kuperman L, Geimonen E, Andersen J. Progestin represses human connexin43 gene expression similarly in primary cultures of myometrial and uterine leiomyoma cells. Biol Reprod. 1996;54(3):607–615.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Ou CW, Orsino A, Lye SJ. Expression of connexin-43 and connexin-26 in the rat myometrium during pregnancy and labor is differentially regulated by mechanical and hormonal signals. Endocrinology. 1997;138(12):5398–5407.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Piersanti M, Lye SJ. Increase in messenger ribonucleic acid encoding the myometrial gap junction protein, connexin-43, requires protein synthesis and is associated with increased expression of the activator protein-1, c-fos. Endocrinology. 1995;136(8):3571–3578.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Arthur P, Taggart MJ, Zielnik B, Wong S, Mitchell BF. Relationship between gene expression and function of uterotonic systems in the rat during gestation, uterine activation and both term and preterm labour. J Physiol. 2008;586(pt 24):6063–6076.
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Orsino A, Taylor CV, Lye SJ. Connexin-26 and connexin-43 are differentially expressed and regulated in the rat myometrium throughout late pregnancy and with the onset of labor. Endocrinology. 1996;137(5):1545–1553.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Lye SJ, Nicholson BJ, Mascarenhas M, MacKenzie L, Petrocelli T. Increased expression of connexin-43 in the rat myometrium during labor is associated with an increase in the plasma estrogen:progesterone ratio. Endocrinology. 1993;132(6):2380–2386.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Anderson L, Martin W, Higgins C, Nelson SM, Norman JE. The effect of progesterone on myometrial contractility, potassium channels, and tocolytic efficacy. Reprod Sci. 2009;16(11):1052–1061.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Ruddock NK, Shi SQ, Jain S, et al. Progesterone, but not 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate, inhibits human myometrial contractions. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;199(4):391.e1–391.e7.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Tsuchiya S, Tanaka S, Sugimoto Y, Katsuyama M, Ikegami R, Ichikawa A. Identification and characterization of a novel progesterone receptor-binding element in the mouse prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP2 gene. Genes Cells. 2003;8(9):747–758.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Khorram O, Han G. Influence of progesterone on endometrial nitric oxide synthase expression. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(5 suppl):2157–2162.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Challis JR, Lockwood CJ, Myatt L, Norman JE, Strauss JF III Petraglia F. Inflammation and pregnancy. Reprod Sci. 2009;16(2):206–215.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Golightly E, Jabbour HN, Norman JE. Endocrine immune interactions in human parturition. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010
• Youssef RE, Ledingham MA, Bollapragada SS, et al. The role of toll-like receptors (TLR-2 and -4) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) in human term and preterm labor. Reprod Sci. 2009;16(9):843–856.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Yellon SM, Ebner CA, Elovitz MA. Medroxyprogesterone acetate modulates remodeling, immune cell census, and nerve fibers in the cervix of a mouse model for inflammation-induced preterm birth. Reprod Sci. 2009;16(3):257–264.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Xu H, Gonzalez JM, Ofori E, Elovitz MA. Preventing cervical ripening: the primary mechanism by which progestational agents prevent preterm birth?. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;198(3):314.e1–314.e8.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Shynlova O, Tsui P, Dorogin A, Lye SJ. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL-2) integrates mechanical and endocrine signals that mediate term and preterm labor. J Immunol. 2008;181(2):1470–1479.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Hardy DB, Janowski BA, Corey DR, Mendelson CR. Progesterone receptor plays a major antiinflammatory role in human myometrial cells by antagonism of nuclear factor-kappaB activation of cyclooxygenase 2 expression. Mol Endocrinol. 2006;20(11):2724–2733.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Koubovec D, Ronacher K, Stubsrud E, Louw A, Hapgood JP. Synthetic progestins used in HRT have different glucocorticoid agonist properties. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2005;242(1–2):23–32.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Elovitz MA, Mrinalini C. Can medroxyprogesterone acetate alter Toll-like receptor expression in a mouse model of intrauterine inflammation?. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;193(3 pt 2):1149–1155.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Lloyd J, Allen M, Azizia M, Klein N, Peebles D. Monocyte major histocompatibility complex class II expression in term and preterm labor. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;110(6):1335–1342.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Mathur S, Mathur RS, Goust JM, Williamson HO, Fudenberg HH. Cyclic variations in white cell subpopulations in the human menstrual cycle: correlations with progesterone and estradiol. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1979;13(3):246–253.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Molloy EJ, O’Neill AJ, Grantham JJ, et al. Sex-specific alterations in neutrophil apoptosis: the role of estradiol and progesterone. Blood. 2003;102(7):2653–2659.
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Ledingham MA, Thomson AJ, Jordan F, Young A, Crawford M, Norman JE. Cell adhesion molecule expression in the cervix and myometrium during pregnancy and parturition. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;97(2):235–242.
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Klebanoff MA, Meis PJ, Dombrowski MP, et al. Salivary progesterone and estriol among pregnant women treated with 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate or placebo. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;199(5):506.e1–506.e7.
  Article CAS Google Scholar