Current trends in inflammatory and immunomodulatory mediators in sepsis (original) (raw)

Journal Article

,

Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, and Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine

, Manhasset, New York,

USA

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,

Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, and Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine

, Manhasset, New York,

USA

Search for other works by this author on:

,

Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, and Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine

, Manhasset, New York,

USA

Search for other works by this author on:

,

Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, and Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine

, Manhasset, New York,

USA

Search for other works by this author on:

Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, and Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine

, Manhasset, New York,

USA

Correspondence: Dept. of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY 11030, USA. E-mail: pwang@nshs.edu

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Received:

07 September 2012

Revision received:

09 October 2012

Accepted:

16 October 2012

Published:

07 November 2012

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Monowar Aziz, Asha Jacob, Weng-Lang Yang, Akihisa Matsuda, Ping Wang, Current trends in inflammatory and immunomodulatory mediators in sepsis, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, Volume 93, Issue 3, March 2013, Pages 329–342, https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0912437
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Abstract

Review on sepsis mediators, and roles in innate and adaptive immune systems, as well as implications for therapeutics.

Sepsis refers to severe systemic inflammation in response to invading pathogens. An overwhelming immune response, as mediated by the release of various inflammatory mediators, can lead to shock, multiple organ damage, and even death. Cytokines, proteases, lipid mediators, gaseous substances, vasoactive peptides, and cell stress markers play key roles in sepsis pathophysiology. Various adhesion molecules and chemokines sequester and activate neutrophils into the target organs, further augmenting inflammation and tissue damage. Although the anti-inflammatory substances counterbalance proinflammatory mediators, prolonged immune modulation may cause host susceptibility to concurrent infections, thus reflecting enormous challenge toward developing effective clinical therapy against sepsis. To understand the complex interplay between pro- and anti-inflammatory phenomenon in sepsis, there is still an unmet need to study newly characterized mediators. In addition, revealing the current trends of novel mediators will upgrade our understanding on their signal transduction, cross-talk, and synergistic and immunomodulating roles during sepsis. This review highlights the latest discoveries of the mediators in sepsis linking to innate and adaptive immune systems, which may lead to resolution of many unexplored queries.

© 2013 Society for Leukocyte Biology

This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open\_access/funder\_policies/chorus/standard\_publication\_model)

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