The Liver X Receptor Agonist T0901317 Protects Mice from High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance (original) (raw)

• Yanovski SZ, Yanovski JA. Obesity prevalence in the United States—up, down, or sideways? N Engl J Med. 2011;364(11):987–9.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Beydoun MA. The obesity epidemic in the United States—gender, age, socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and geographic characteristics: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Epidemiol Rev. 2007;29:6–28.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Suzuki K, Simpson KA, Minnion JS, Shillito JC, Bloom SR. The role of gut hormones and the hypothalamus in appetite regulation. Endocr J. 2010;57(5):359–72.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Zimmet P, Alberti KGMM, Shaw J. Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature. 2001;414(6865):782–7.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Kaiyala KJ, Schwartz MW. Toward a more complete (and less controversial) understanding of energy expenditure and its role in obesity pathogenesis. Diabetes. 2011;60(1):17–23.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Grun F, Blumberg B. Perturbed nuclear receptor signaling by environmental obesogens as emerging factors in the obesity crisis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2007;8(2):161–71.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Chiang JY. Nuclear receptor regulation of lipid metabolism: potential therapeutics for dyslipidemia, diabetes, and chronic heart and liver diseases. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2005;6(10):994–1001.
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Liu YY, Brent GA. Thyroid hormone crosstalk with nuclear receptor signaling in metabolic regulation. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2010;21(3):166–73.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Chen Z, Vigueira PA, Chambers KT, Hall AM, Mitra MS, Qi N, et al. Insulin resistance and metabolic derangements in obese mice are ameliorated by a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-sparing thiazolidinedione. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(28):23537–48.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Miyazaki S, Taniguchi H, Moritoh Y, Tashiro F, Yamamoto T, Yamato E, et al. Nuclear hormone retinoid X receptor (RXR) negatively regulates the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of pancreatic ss-cells. Diabetes. 2010;59(11):2854–61.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Faulds MH, Zhao C, Dahlman-Wright K. Molecular biology and functional genomics of liver X receptors (LXR) in relationship to metabolic diseases. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2010;10(6):692–7.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Edwards PA, Kast HR, Anisfeld AM. BAREing it all: the adoption of LXR and FXR and their roles in lipid homeostasis. J Lipid Res. 2002;43(1):2–12.
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Yan C, Wang Y, Nakagawa Y, Nerio N, Anghel A, et al. Liver X receptor agonist T0901317 inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor expression in hepatocytes may contribute to the amelioration of diabetic syndrome in db/db mice. Endocrinology. 2006;147(11):5061–8.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Cao GQ, Liang Y, Broderick CL, Oldham BA, Beyer TP, Schmidt RJ, et al. Antidiabetic action of a liver X receptor agonist mediated by inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis. J Biol Chem. 2003;278(2):1131–6.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Babaya N, Fujisawa T, Nojima K, Itoi-Babaya M, Yamaji K, Yamada K, et al. Direct evidence for susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes on mouse chromosomes 11 and 14. Diabetologia. 2010;53(7):1362–71.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Hirata A, Maeda N, Hiuge A, Hibuse T, Fujita K, Okada T, et al. Blockade of mineralocorticoid receptor reverses adipocyte dysfunction and insulin resistance in obese mice. Cardiovasc Res. 2009;84(1):164–72.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Choe SS, Choi AH, Lee JW, Kim KH, Chung JJ, Park J, et al. Chronic activation of liver X receptor induces beta-cell apoptosis through hyperactivation of lipogenesis—liver X receptor-mediated lipotoxicity in pancreatic beta-cells. Diabetes. 2007;56(6):1534–43.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Porter RK. A new look at UCP 1. BBA-Bioenergetics. 2006;1757(5–6):446–8.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Kajimura S, Seale P, Kubota K, Lunsford E, Frangioni JV, Gygi SP, et al. Initiation of myoblast to brown fat switch by a PRDM16-C/EBP-beta transcriptional complex. Nature. 2009;460(7259):1154–8.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Cheng Y, Meng QS, Wang CX, Li HK, Huang ZY, Chen SH, et al. Leucine deprivation decreases fat mass by stimulation of lipolysis in white adipose tissue and upregulation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue. Diabetes. 2010;59(1):17–25.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Ventura-Clapier R, Garnier A, Veksler V. Transcriptional control of mitochondrial biogenesis: the central role of PGC-1alpha. Cardiovasc Res. 2008;79(2):208–17.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Liang H, Ward WF. PGC-1alpha: a key regulator of energy metabolism. Adv Physiol Educ. 2006;30(4):145–51.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Carmiel-Haggai M, Cederbaum AI, Nieto N. A high-fat diet leads to the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese rats. FASEB J. 2005;19(1):136–8.
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Cha JY, Repa JJ. The liver X receptor (LXR) and hepatic lipogenesis. The carbohydrate-response element-binding protein is a target gene of LXR. J Biol Chem. 2007;282(1):743–51.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Gerin I, Dolinsky VW, Shackman JG, Kennedy RT, Chiang SH, Burant CF, et al. LXRbeta is required for adipocyte growth, glucose homeostasis, and beta cell function. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(24):23024–31.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Laffitte BA, Chao LC, Li J, Walczak R, Hummasti S, Joseph SB, et al. Activation of liver X receptor improves glucose tolerance through coordinate regulation of glucose metabolism in liver and adipose tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100(9):5419–24.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Dalen KT, Ulven SM, Bamberg K, Gustafsson JA, Nebb HI. Expression of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4 in adipocytes is dependent on liver X receptor alpha. J Biol Chem. 2003;278(48):48283–91.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Steffensen KR, Gustafsson JA. Putative metabolic effects of the liver X receptor (LXR). Diabetes. 2004;53 Suppl 1:S36–42.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Hu T, Foxworthy P, Siesky A, Ficorilli JV, Gao H, Li S, et al. Hepatic peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation is regulated by liver X receptor alpha. Endocrinology. 2005;146(12):5380–7.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Harris RBS, Apolzan JW. Changes in glucose tolerance and leptin responsiveness of rats offered a choice of lard, sucrose, and chow. Am J Physiol Regul Integr. 2012;302(11):R1327–39.
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Nolan MA, Sikorski MA, McKnight GS. The role of uncoupling protein 1 in the metabolism and adiposity of RII beta-protein kinase A-deficient mice. Mol Endocrinol. 2004;18(9):2302–11.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Chisholm JW, Hong J, Mills SA, Lawn RM. The LXR ligand T0901317 induces severe lipogenesis in the db/db diabetic mouse. J Lipid Res. 2003;44(11):2039–48.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Joseph SB, Laffitte BA, Patel PH, Watson MA, Matsukuma KE, Walczak R, et al. Direct and indirect mechanisms for regulation of fatty acid synthase gene expression by liver X receptors. J Biol Chem. 2002;277(13):11019–25.
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar