Brain Corticosteroid Receptor Balance in Health and Disease* (original) (raw)

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1Division of Medical Pharmacology (E.R.D.K., E.V., M.S.O.), Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, University of Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;

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1Division of Medical Pharmacology (E.R.D.K., E.V., M.S.O.), Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, University of Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;

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1Division of Medical Pharmacology (E.R.D.K., E.V., M.S.O.), Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, University of Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;

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2Institute for Neurobiology (M.J.), University of Amsterdam, 1098 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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E. Ronald de Kloet, Erno Vreugdenhil, Melly S. Oitzl, Marian Joëls, Brain Corticosteroid Receptor Balance in Health and Disease, Endocrine Reviews, Volume 19, Issue 3, 1 June 1998, Pages 269–301, https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv.19.3.0331
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I. Introduction

EVERY disturbance in the body, either real or imagined, evokes a stress response, which serves to restore homeostasis and to facilitate adaptation. Essential to the stress response are neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, which express CRH with its cosecretagogue vasopressin (VP), and other neuropeptides that drive the activity of the sympatho-adrenomedullary and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) systems. These two systems are not separate entities but exert control over each other’s activity. Of the two, the HPA system involving corticosteroid hormone secreted by the adrenals (cortisol in man or corticosterone in rat) is slower and more persistent in its actions (Fig. 1). This review addresses mainly the action of corticosterone in the rat brain.

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In concert with other components of the stress response system, the action of corticosterone displays two modes of operation. In the first,“ proactive” mode, corticosterone maintains basal activity of the HPA system and controls the sensitivity or threshold of the system’s response to stress. The hormone promotes coordination of circadian events, such as the sleep/wake cycle and food intake and is involved in processes underlying selective attention, integration of sensory information, and response selection. In the second, “re-active” mode, corticosterone feedback helps to terminate stress-induced HPA activation. The steroid facilitates an animal’s ability to cope with, adapt to, and recover from stress; corticosterone promotes learning and memory processes.

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