Effects of Gamitaeeumjowee-tang for Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Shift Workers: A Retrospective Chart Review (original) (raw)
JKM > Volume 46(3); 2025 > Article Lee, Choi, Kang, Lim, and Kim: Effects of Gamitaeeumjowee-tang for Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Shift Workers: A Retrospective Chart Review Original Article The Journal of Korean Medicine 2025; 46(3): 1-15. Published online: September 1, 2025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13048/jkm.25030 Effects of Gamitaeeumjowee-tang for Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Shift Workers: A Retrospective Chart Review Yunjin Lee1, §, Hyojoo Choi1, §, Jeong-In Kang1, Young-Woo Lim1, 2, Eunjoo Kim1, 2, * 1Nubebe Korean Medical Clinic Bundang Center 2Nubebe Obesity Research Institute Correspondence to: Eunjoo Kim, Nubebe Korean Medical Clinic Bundang Center, 10 Seongnam-daero, 926beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13506, Korea, Tel:+82-31-702-0045, Fax:+82-31-701-8993, E-mail:boggil82@gmail.com § These authors contributed equally to this work. Received May 30, 2025 Revised July 15, 2025 Accepted August 12, 2025 Abstract Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the weight loss effects and safety of Gamitaeeumjowee-tang in overweight and obese shift workers through a retrospective chart review. Methods A total of 27 shift workers with a body mass index (BMI) ≥23 kg/m2 who visited a Korean medicine obesity clinic for weight loss were included. Participants took Gamitaeeumjowee-tang for 12 weeks. Changes in body weight, body composition, blood pressure, and adverse events were assessed and compared with a control group of 33 non-shift workers. Results After 12 weeks of treatment, the shift worker group showed a significant reduction in body weight (6.63±3.37 kg, P<0.05), body fat mass (6.13±2.96 kg, P<0.05), BMI (2.52±1.28 kg/m2, P<0.05), and body fat rate (5.23 ± 3.18%p, P<0.05) along with a significant increase in skeletal muscle rate (2.92 ± 1.74%p, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in weight loss and body composition changes between the shift worker group and the non-shift worker group. When evaluating changes in blood pressure and pulse, only systolic blood pressure significantly decreased in the shift worker group (P=0.041). Most adverse events were mild, and no serious adverse reactions were reported. Conclusions Gamitaeeumjowee-tang appears to be a safe and effective option for weight management in overweight and obese shift workers without causing serious adverse events. Keywords: Shift worker, Overweight, Obesity, Weight loss, Gamitaeeumjowee-tang Fig. 1 Flow chart of dataset for analysis. Table 1 Composition of Gamitaeeumjowee-tang Ingredient Dose(g)/day Ephedra Herba 16.0~24.0 Rehmanniae Radix Preparat 8.0 Coicis Semen 8.0 Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens 4.0 Acori Gramineri Rhizoma 3.3 Zizyphi Semen 3.3 Alismatis Rhizoma 2.6 Scutellariae Radix 1.3 Schizandrae Fructus 1.3 Puerariae Radix 1.3 Asparagi Tuber 1.3 Angelicae Tenuissimae Radix 1.3 Longanae Arillus 1.3 Castanea Moliissima 1.3 Liriopis Tuber 1.3 Total amount 55.6~63.6 Table 2 Baseline Characteristics of Patients Characteristics Total (n=60) Shift workers (N= 27) Not shift workers (N= 33) P-value Age(year)* 36.82 ± 12.88 36.33 ± 11.70 37.21 ± 13.94 0.982 Weight (kg)* 75.60 ± 12.20 77.51 ± 14.02 74.04 ± 10.44 0.414 Body Fat mass (kg) 30.47 ± 6.65 30.64 ± 7.06 30.33 ± 6.41 0.858 Skeletal muscle mass(kg)* 24.77 ± 4.81 25.81 ± 5.79 23.92 ± 3.70 0.316 BMI (kg/m2 ) 28.87 ± 3.30 29.19 ± 3.73 28.62 ± 2.94 0.514 Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) 129.93 ± 10.96 132.67 ± 9.02 127.70 ± 12.00 0.080 Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) 79.38 ± 10.16 80.26 ± 10.31 78.67 ± 10.15 0.550 Pulse (bpm) 84.05 ± 11.41 84.74 ± 10.51 83.48 ± 12.23 0.675 Data are expressed mean±standard deviation. * : Non-normally distributed data Table 3 Variable Changes Comparison between two groups Characteristics Shift workers (N= 27) Not shift workers (N= 33) P-value Weight (kg) 6.63 ± 3.37* 6.69 ± 2.57* 0.858 Weight loss rate (%)) 8.69 ± 4.38* 9.30 ± 3.97* 0.629 Skeletal muscle mass (kg) 0.24 ± 1.00 0.54 ± 0.74* 0.100 Body Fat mass (kg) 6.13 ± 2.96* 5.78 ± 2.29* 0.606 BMI (kg/m2 ) 2.52 ± 1.28* 2.62 ± 1.05* 0.746 Skeletal muscle rate(%p) 2.92 ± 1.74* 2.51 ± 1.42* 0.326 Body fat rate (%p) 5.23 ± 3.18* 4.73 ± 2.59* 0.503 Data are expressed mean±standard deviation. * P<0.05, paired t test or wilcoxon singed rank test / comparison within group before and after program Table 4 Changes in Blood Pressure and Pulse rate Initial value Final value P-value Shift workers (N= 27) Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) 132.67 ± 9.02 127.3 ± 12.25 0.041* Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) 80.26 ± 10.31 78.70 ± 10.70 0.487 Pulse (bpm) 84.74 ± 10.51 91.48 ± 12.13 0.007* Not shift workers (N= 33) Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) 127.70 ± 12.00 126.33 ± 11.64 0.561 Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) 78.67 ± 10.15 78.82 ± 8.71 0.928 Pulse (bpm) 83.48 ± 12.23 95.24 ± 12.19 <.001* Data are expressed mean±standard deviation. * P<0.05, paired t test. Table 5 Comparison of Categorical Variables between Shift workers and Not Shift workers Categorical variables Shift workers (N = 27) Not shift workers group (N = 33) P-value Sleep regularity Regular 2 (7.4) 20 (60.6) <.001‡ Irregular 25 (92.6) 13 (39.4) Dietary habits Meal regularity Regular 4 (14.8) 14 (42.4) 0.020‡ Irregular 23 (85.2) 19 (57.6) Night time eating Yes 12 (44.4) 8 (24.2) 0.099 No 15 (55.6) 25 (75.8) Light eating† Yes 0 (0.0) 1 (3.0) 1.000 No 27 (100) 32 (97.0) Binge eating Yes 11 (40.7) 12 (36.4) 0.729 No 16 (59.3) 21 (63.6) Alcohol consumption frequency* 0 (week) 8 (30.8) 13 (39.4) 0.419 ≤ 1 12 (46.2) 9 (27.3) 2–3 6 (23.1) 10 (30.3) ≥ 4 0 (0.0) 1 (3.0) Physical activity level* < 1h 3 (11.5) 3 (9.1) 0.517 1–3 h 8 (30.8) 15 (45.5) ≥ 3 15 (57.7) 15 (45.5) Weight loss experience Weight loss with drug 15 (55.6) 16 (48.5) 0.586 None 12 (44.4) 17 (51.5) Data are expressed as number (%) for categorical variables. * : Chi-square test was conducted on 26 participants after excluding 1 missing value; † : Fisher’s Exact Test; ‡ : P<0.05 Table 6 Adverse Events Reported from 60 Patients using Gamitaeeumjowee-tang Shift workers (N= 27) Not shift workers (N= 33) Variables 2–6 weeks 10–14 weeks 2–6 weeks 10–14 weeks Causality (WHO-UMC) Possible 11 (25.6) 3 (20.0) 11 (16.2) 1 (4.5) Unlikely 32 (74.4) 12 (80.0) 57 (83.8) 21 (95.5) Conditional/unclassified 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Total 43 (100) 15 (100) 68 (100) 22 (100) Severity (CTCAE v5.0) Mild (Grade1) 43 (100) 14 (93.3) 68 (100) 21 (95.5) Moderate (Grade 2) 0 (0.0) 1 (6.7) 0 (0.0) 1 (4.5) Severe (Grade 3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Total 43 (100) 15 (100) 68 (100) 22 (100) Data are expressed number (%). WHO-UMC; World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre, CTCAE; Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Table 7 Adverse Events According to System Organ Classes Shift workers (N= 27) Not shift workers (N= 33) System-organ classes Symptom 2–6 weeks 10–14 weeks 2–6 weeks 10–14 weeks Gastro-intestinal system disorders Constipation 7 (16.3) 6 (40.0) 10 (14.7) 6 (27.3) Dyspepsia 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (2.9) 0 (0.0) Nausea 3 (7.0) 0 (0.0) 4 (5.9) 1 (4.5) Vomiting 1 (2.3) 0 (0.0) 2 (2.9) 0 (0.0) Heartburn 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) Hemorrhoids 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) Hematochezia 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) Subtotal 11 (25.6) 6 (40.0) 21 (30.9) 7 (31.8) Central & peripheral nervous system disorders Dizziness 2 (4.7) 0 (0.0) 7 (10.3) 3 (13.6) Headache 6 (14.0) 1 (6.7) 6 (8.8) 1 (4.5) Tremor 2 (4.7) 0 (0.0) 7 (10.3) 1 (4.5) Paresthesia 1 (2.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Subtotal 11 (25.6) 1 (6.7) 20 (29.4) 5 (22.7) Psychiatric disorders Insomnia 5 (11.6) 3 (20.0) 3 (4.4) 3 (13.6) Subtotal 5 (11.6) 3 (20.0) 3 (4.4) 3 (13.6) Autonomic nervous system disorders Dry mouth 2 (4.7) 1 (6.7) 6 (8.8) 2 (9.1) Palpitation 4 (9.3) 1 (6.7) 6 (8.8) 0 (0.0) Sweating increased 2 (4.7) 1 (6.7) 3 (4.4) 1 (4.5) Subtotal 8 (18.6) 3 (20.0) 15 (22.1) 3 (13.6) Body as a whole - general disorders Malaise 1 (2.3) 0 (0.0) 3 (4.4) 0 (0.0) Feeling hot 2 (4.7) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) Feeling cold 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) Cold sweat 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) Subtotal 3 (7.0) 0 (0.0) 6 (8.8) 0 (0.0) Skin and appendages disorders Scalp pruritus 1 (2.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Subtotal 1 (2.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Urinary system disorders Urinary frequency 1 (2.3) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 1 (4.5) Dysuria 2 (4.7) 2 (13.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Subtotal 3 (7.0) 2 (13.3) 1 (1.5) 1 (4.5) Reproductive disorders Menstrual irregularity 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (9.1) Menorrhagia 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) Erectile dysfunction 1 (2.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Subtotal 1 (2.3) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 2 (9.1) Musculo-skeletal system disorders Myalgia 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) Subtotal 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) Respiratory system disorders Hoarseness 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (4.5) Subtotal 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (4.5) Total 43(100) 15(100) 68(100) 22(100) Data are expressed number (%) Appendices Appendix 1. 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Lee, Choi, Kang, Lim, and Kim: Effects of Gamitaeeumjowee-tang for Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Shift Workers: A Retrospective Chart Review Original Article The Journal of Korean Medicine 2025; 46(3): 1-15. Published online: September 1, 2025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13048/jkm.25030 Effects of Gamitaeeumjowee-tang for Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Shift Workers: A Retrospective Chart Review Yunjin Lee1, §
, Hyojoo Choi1, §
Table 1 Composition of Gamitaeeumjowee-tang Ingredient Dose(g)/day Ephedra Herba 16.0~24.0 Rehmanniae Radix Preparat 8.0 Coicis Semen 8.0 Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens 4.0 Acori Gramineri Rhizoma 3.3 Zizyphi Semen 3.3 Alismatis Rhizoma 2.6 Scutellariae Radix 1.3 Schizandrae Fructus 1.3 Puerariae Radix 1.3 Asparagi Tuber 1.3 Angelicae Tenuissimae Radix 1.3 Longanae Arillus 1.3 Castanea Moliissima 1.3 Liriopis Tuber 1.3 Total amount 55.6~63.6 Table 2 Baseline Characteristics of Patients Characteristics Total (n=60) Shift workers (N= 27) Not shift workers (N= 33) P-value Age(year)* 36.82 ± 12.88 36.33 ± 11.70 37.21 ± 13.94 0.982 Weight (kg)* 75.60 ± 12.20 77.51 ± 14.02 74.04 ± 10.44 0.414 Body Fat mass (kg) 30.47 ± 6.65 30.64 ± 7.06 30.33 ± 6.41 0.858 Skeletal muscle mass(kg)* 24.77 ± 4.81 25.81 ± 5.79 23.92 ± 3.70 0.316 BMI (kg/m2 ) 28.87 ± 3.30 29.19 ± 3.73 28.62 ± 2.94 0.514 Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) 129.93 ± 10.96 132.67 ± 9.02 127.70 ± 12.00 0.080 Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) 79.38 ± 10.16 80.26 ± 10.31 78.67 ± 10.15 0.550 Pulse (bpm) 84.05 ± 11.41 84.74 ± 10.51 83.48 ± 12.23 0.675 Data are expressed mean±standard deviation. * : Non-normally distributed data Table 3 Variable Changes Comparison between two groups Characteristics Shift workers (N= 27) Not shift workers (N= 33) P-value Weight (kg) 6.63 ± 3.37* 6.69 ± 2.57* 0.858 Weight loss rate (%)) 8.69 ± 4.38* 9.30 ± 3.97* 0.629 Skeletal muscle mass (kg) 0.24 ± 1.00 0.54 ± 0.74* 0.100 Body Fat mass (kg) 6.13 ± 2.96* 5.78 ± 2.29* 0.606 BMI (kg/m2 ) 2.52 ± 1.28* 2.62 ± 1.05* 0.746 Skeletal muscle rate(%p) 2.92 ± 1.74* 2.51 ± 1.42* 0.326 Body fat rate (%p) 5.23 ± 3.18* 4.73 ± 2.59* 0.503 Data are expressed mean±standard deviation. * P<0.05, paired t test or wilcoxon singed rank test / comparison within group before and after program Table 4 Changes in Blood Pressure and Pulse rate Initial value Final value P-value Shift workers (N= 27) Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) 132.67 ± 9.02 127.3 ± 12.25 0.041* Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) 80.26 ± 10.31 78.70 ± 10.70 0.487 Pulse (bpm) 84.74 ± 10.51 91.48 ± 12.13 0.007* Not shift workers (N= 33) Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) 127.70 ± 12.00 126.33 ± 11.64 0.561 Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) 78.67 ± 10.15 78.82 ± 8.71 0.928 Pulse (bpm) 83.48 ± 12.23 95.24 ± 12.19 <.001* Data are expressed mean±standard deviation. * P<0.05, paired t test. Table 5 Comparison of Categorical Variables between Shift workers and Not Shift workers Categorical variables Shift workers (N = 27) Not shift workers group (N = 33) P-value Sleep regularity Regular 2 (7.4) 20 (60.6) <.001‡ Irregular 25 (92.6) 13 (39.4) Dietary habits Meal regularity Regular 4 (14.8) 14 (42.4) 0.020‡ Irregular 23 (85.2) 19 (57.6) Night time eating Yes 12 (44.4) 8 (24.2) 0.099 No 15 (55.6) 25 (75.8) Light eating† Yes 0 (0.0) 1 (3.0) 1.000 No 27 (100) 32 (97.0) Binge eating Yes 11 (40.7) 12 (36.4) 0.729 No 16 (59.3) 21 (63.6) Alcohol consumption frequency* 0 (week) 8 (30.8) 13 (39.4) 0.419 ≤ 1 12 (46.2) 9 (27.3) 2–3 6 (23.1) 10 (30.3) ≥ 4 0 (0.0) 1 (3.0) Physical activity level* < 1h 3 (11.5) 3 (9.1) 0.517 1–3 h 8 (30.8) 15 (45.5) ≥ 3 15 (57.7) 15 (45.5) Weight loss experience Weight loss with drug 15 (55.6) 16 (48.5) 0.586 None 12 (44.4) 17 (51.5) Data are expressed as number (%) for categorical variables. * : Chi-square test was conducted on 26 participants after excluding 1 missing value; † : Fisher’s Exact Test; ‡ : P<0.05 Table 6 Adverse Events Reported from 60 Patients using Gamitaeeumjowee-tang Shift workers (N= 27) Not shift workers (N= 33) Variables 2–6 weeks 10–14 weeks 2–6 weeks 10–14 weeks Causality (WHO-UMC) Possible 11 (25.6) 3 (20.0) 11 (16.2) 1 (4.5) Unlikely 32 (74.4) 12 (80.0) 57 (83.8) 21 (95.5) Conditional/unclassified 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Total 43 (100) 15 (100) 68 (100) 22 (100) Severity (CTCAE v5.0) Mild (Grade1) 43 (100) 14 (93.3) 68 (100) 21 (95.5) Moderate (Grade 2) 0 (0.0) 1 (6.7) 0 (0.0) 1 (4.5) Severe (Grade 3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Total 43 (100) 15 (100) 68 (100) 22 (100) Data are expressed number (%). WHO-UMC; World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre, CTCAE; Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Table 7 Adverse Events According to System Organ Classes Shift workers (N= 27) Not shift workers (N= 33) System-organ classes Symptom 2–6 weeks 10–14 weeks 2–6 weeks 10–14 weeks Gastro-intestinal system disorders Constipation 7 (16.3) 6 (40.0) 10 (14.7) 6 (27.3) Dyspepsia 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (2.9) 0 (0.0) Nausea 3 (7.0) 0 (0.0) 4 (5.9) 1 (4.5) Vomiting 1 (2.3) 0 (0.0) 2 (2.9) 0 (0.0) Heartburn 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) Hemorrhoids 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) Hematochezia 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) Subtotal 11 (25.6) 6 (40.0) 21 (30.9) 7 (31.8) Central & peripheral nervous system disorders Dizziness 2 (4.7) 0 (0.0) 7 (10.3) 3 (13.6) Headache 6 (14.0) 1 (6.7) 6 (8.8) 1 (4.5) Tremor 2 (4.7) 0 (0.0) 7 (10.3) 1 (4.5) Paresthesia 1 (2.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Subtotal 11 (25.6) 1 (6.7) 20 (29.4) 5 (22.7) Psychiatric disorders Insomnia 5 (11.6) 3 (20.0) 3 (4.4) 3 (13.6) Subtotal 5 (11.6) 3 (20.0) 3 (4.4) 3 (13.6) Autonomic nervous system disorders Dry mouth 2 (4.7) 1 (6.7) 6 (8.8) 2 (9.1) Palpitation 4 (9.3) 1 (6.7) 6 (8.8) 0 (0.0) Sweating increased 2 (4.7) 1 (6.7) 3 (4.4) 1 (4.5) Subtotal 8 (18.6) 3 (20.0) 15 (22.1) 3 (13.6) Body as a whole - general disorders Malaise 1 (2.3) 0 (0.0) 3 (4.4) 0 (0.0) Feeling hot 2 (4.7) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) Feeling cold 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) Cold sweat 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) Subtotal 3 (7.0) 0 (0.0) 6 (8.8) 0 (0.0) Skin and appendages disorders Scalp pruritus 1 (2.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Subtotal 1 (2.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Urinary system disorders Urinary frequency 1 (2.3) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 1 (4.5) Dysuria 2 (4.7) 2 (13.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Subtotal 3 (7.0) 2 (13.3) 1 (1.5) 1 (4.5) Reproductive disorders Menstrual irregularity 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (9.1) Menorrhagia 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) Erectile dysfunction 1 (2.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Subtotal 1 (2.3) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 2 (9.1) Musculo-skeletal system disorders Myalgia 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) Subtotal 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) Respiratory system disorders Hoarseness 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (4.5) Subtotal 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (4.5) Total 43(100) 15(100) 68(100) 22(100) Data are expressed number (%) Appendices Appendix 1. Questionnaire on Lifestyle Habits jkm-46-3-1-appendix-1.pdf 참고문헌 1. Ministry of Employment and Labor. Guidelines for application of Labor Standards Act to shift workers. Seoul (KR). Ministry of Employment and Labor;(2008). Mar. 2. Jang, S. Y., & Park, S. B.The effect of shift-work on quality of life (EQ-5D). Korean J Health Econ Policy, (2015). 21(2), 1-25. 3. Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency. 7th Korean Working Conditions Survey. Seoul (KR). KOSHA;(2023). Nov. p. 38 4. Lee, J., & Lee, Y. (2012). In a 24-hour society. Radical Rev, (54), 59-279. 5. Kim, Y. A., Kim, H. H., & Lim, D. H. (2018). Association of work hours with metabolic syndrome among shift workers: mediating effects of diet, nutrition, and daily habits. J Nutr Health, 51(6), 567-579. 
6. Proper, K. I., van de Langenberg, D., Rodenburg, W., Vermeulen, R. C. H., van der Beek, A. J., van Steeg, H., & van Kerkhof, L. W. M. (2016). The Relationship Between Shift Work and Metabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. American journal of preventive medicine, 50(5), e147-e157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.11.013 
7. Chen, J. D., Lin, Y. C., & Hsiao, S. T. (2010). Obesity and high blood pressure of 12-hour night shift female clean-room workers. Chronobiology international, 27(2), 334-344. https://doi.org/10.3109/07420520903502242 
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