Convergent Evolution of Escape from Hepaciviral Antagonism in Primates (original) (raw)
Figure 1
MAVS has evolved under positive selection in primates.
(A) dN/dS ratios for the MAVS gene, calculated using free-ratio model in PAML, are shown on a phylogeny [26] along with common and scientific names of the primate species represented. Branches with dN/dS ratios greater than 1 are highlighted in red. For branches that did not experience any synonymous (S) changes, number of nonsynonymous (N) and S changes are shown in parentheses. (B) Residues identified as being under recurrent positive selection are indicated on a schematic of the MAVS protein, including the CARD, Proline-rich, and transmembrane (TM) domains. CodeML program of PAML software was used to identify sites under positive selection by comparing M7 (beta) versus M8 (beta & ω) models, assuming codon frequencies according to the F61 model. Web-based implementation of HyPhy package was used to perform REL analysis. We present only those sites identified with a posterior probability higher than 0.9 in both Bayes empirical Bayes (BEB) and random effects likelihood (REL) methods.