Rates of Dinosaur Body Mass Evolution Indicate 170 Million Years of Sustained Ecological Innovation on the Avian Stem Lineage (original) (raw)
Figure 3
Dinosaur phylogeny showing nodes with exceptional rates of body size evolution.
Exceptional nodes are numbered and indicated by green filled circles with diameter proportional to their down-weighting in robust regression analyses (Appendix S1). Details of these nodes are given in Table 2. The sizes of shapes at tree tips are proportional to log10(mass), and silhouettes are indicative of approximate relative size within some clades. The result from one tree calibrated to stratigraphy by imposing a minimum branch duration of 1 Ma is shown; other trees and calibration methods retrieve similar results. Silhouettes used were either previously available under Public Domain or with permission from the artists. Non-avialan dinosaur silhouettes used with thanks to the artist, Scott Hartman. Avialan silhouettes are modified from work by Nobumichi Tamura, and /Archaeopteryx/ from Mike Keesey.