Deliberate Attenuation of Chikungunya Virus by Adaptation to Heparan Sulfate-Dependent Infectivity: A Model for Rational Arboviral Vaccine Design (original) (raw)
Figure 3
Musculoskeletal disease following subcutaneous infection of CD-1 mice with E2 mutant viruses.
21-1 mice were infected subcutaneously in the left rear footpad with 105 GE (normalized to 103 PFU of CHIKV-LR) and the metatarsal region (height and width) was measured daily; fold-change over day 0 was calculated based upon pre-infection footpad area. Viruses are color-coded based on disease phenotype: (A–B) hind-limb swelling with little or no attenuation (purple; (A) CHIKV-LR and (B) LR- Δ166E), (C–E) partial attenuation (blue; (C) LR-168K, (D) LR-55R and (E) LR-159R) and (F–H) highly attenuated with little or no hind-limb swelling (green; (F) LR-166K, (G) LR-82R and (H) LR-79K) compared to CHIKV-LR. Individual mice are graphed with the intensity of shading indicating the proportion of mice with overlapping levels of hind-limb swelling. *p<0.001 compared to CHIKV-LR.