Association Mapping of Insecticide Resistance in Wild Anopheles gambiae Populations: Major Variants Identified in a Low-Linkage Disequilbrium Genome (original) (raw)
Figure 7
Sodium channel association analyses.
Upper left panels in (a) and (b) show pairwise linkage disequilibrium (values are r2); green lines show SNP positions on linear scale). Block divisions are created simply to reduce the number of haplotypes by separating highly polymorphic peripheral SNPs from the rest of the (low MAF) SNPs. Upper right panels in (a) and (b) show single SNP association analysis for the sodium channel. Lower panel shows resultant haplotypes for each block with their interconnections (thick lines indicate connection frequency>10%). Total frequencies (freq), frequencies in resistant (res) and susceptible (sus) mosquitoes and haplotype association test statistics are shown. Colours in haplotypes correspond to base colours shown above (kdr L1014 is highlighted in gold). SNP nomenclature is consistent across plots, with absent numbers monomorphic. In (b) recalculation of single SNP association statistics considering only individuals possessing typical kdr (red block-dominated) haplotypes results in the strongest association of kdr L1014 (red point in upper left plot).