Simvastatin Prevents Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in Experimental Parkinsonian Models: The Association with Anti-Inflammatory Responses (original) (raw)
Figure 7
6-OHDA increased synaptic cluster density and number of clusters NR1 receptors and TNF-a, and the upregulation was abolished after simvastatin treatment.
Arrows in I, J, K indicate nuclear, TNF-a, and NR1, respectively. PC12 cultures double-labeled for NR1 (red, C,G,K) and TNF-a (green, B,F,J); Hoechst 33342 indicates nuclear staining (blue, A, E, I). 6-OHDA treatment significantly increased the density of NR1 (G) and TNF-a clusters (F), and the elevated density was abolished by simvastatin treatment (K, J for NR1 and TNF-a, respectively). A significant difference in the density of NR1 and TNF-a was observed among control, 6-OHDA, and 6-OHDA+sim groups (p<0.05, control vs 6-OHDA; p<0.05, 6-OHDA vs 6-OHDA+sim; n = 9–12; Student's t test). All the results are expressed as means ± standard error of the mean. Scale bars: 100 µm.