Butyrate-Producing Probiotics Reduce Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression in Rats: New Insight into the Probiotics for the Gut-Liver Axis (original) (raw)
Figure 7
NaB improves insulin signaling and insulin-resistance conditions.
(A) Serum-starved cells were incubated in a medium containing either normal or high glucose concentration for 24 h and then treated with or without 1.5 mM NaB for 6 h. Subsequently, the treated cells were stimulated with 100 nM insulin for 20 min. Western blot analysis was performed with the indicated antibodies. (B) Normal or insulin-resistance conditions were established, and cell lysates and mTOR immunoprecipitates (IP) prepared from the total cell lysates were analyzed by immunoblotting for the levels of mTOR, rictor, and raptor. (C) Lipid accumulation was examined by oil-red O staining in insulin-resistance conditions. Serum-starved cells were incubated in a medium containing high glucose concentration for 24 h and then treated with or without 1.5 mM NaB for 9 h in the absence and presence of insulin. Quantification of the extent of oil-red O staining was done by counting red-stained regions for every 3 centrilobular areas of the cells in each group (lower panel). The values represent the mean ± SD values. **p<0.01 compared with the group exposed to high glucose levels in the absence insulin and NaB.