Apolipoprotein E Mediates Attachment of Clinical Hepatitis C Virus to Hepatocytes by Binding to Cell Surface Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Receptors (original) (raw)
Figure 1
Blockade of HCV1b cell attachment by apoE monoclonal antibody mAb23.
DHHs at day-11 were incubated with HCV1b in the absence (Control) or presence of 10 µg/ml of normal mouse IgG1 (mIgG1) or increasing amounts of apoE mAb23 (0.4, 2, and 10 µg/ml) at 37°C for 2 hrs. The unbound HCV was removed by washing cells with 1x PBS for three times. The vRNA of the cell-bound HCV was extracted with Trizol reagent (Invitrogen). The levels of HCV vRNA were quantified by a real-time RT-PCR method using SuperScript® III Platinum® SYBR® Green One-Step qPCR Kit (Invitrogen). Reactions were run in a StepOnePlus real-time PCR system (Applied Biosystems) using the conditions provided by the qPCR kit. A house-keeping gene GAPDH was used as an internal control, which was quantified using Hu-GAPDH primer/probe mix containing vic-TAMRA (Applied Biosystems). The levels of HCV vRNA were calculated from the average data of three experiments upon normalization with the level of GAPDH.