Maternal invasion history of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus into the Isthmus of Panama: Implications for the control of emergent viral disease agents (original) (raw)
Fig 3
(A) Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree of Panamanian and worldwide CO1 haplotypes of Aedes albopictus from GenBank (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). Panamanian haplotypes belonging to Clade A, sub-Clade B (b) and sub-Clade B (c) are shown in red, brown and green triangles, respectively. Bootstrap values depicting branch support higher than 60% are shown in the tree. Asterisks (*) in Haplotypes 1, 4 and 3 indicate most frequent Panamanian haplotypes in Clade A, sub-Clade B (b) and sub-Clade B (c), respectively. Black diamond symbolizes sequence AB907801 that was found in Costa Rica and Western Panama. (B) TCS network depicting mutational relationships among three CO1 haplogroups of Aedes albopictus. Haplogroups 1, 2 and 3 mimic the color of Clade A, sub-Clade B (c) and sub-Clade B (b), in that order. Haplotypes are represented by circles and their sizes reflect their population frequencies. One missing haplotype is represented by a red dot in haplogroup 1 and numbers along lines are mutational differences. Haplogroups 1, 2 and 3 match those in Table 3. (C) Geographic distribution of haplogroups 1 (red), 2 (green) and 3 (brown) across Panama. Bars correspond to the regional frequency of that haplogroup per sampling Province (see Table 1 for additional details). Black diamond (i.e., North arrow) indicates the direction to the geographic North Pole.