Increasing cell permeability of N-acetylglucosamine via 6-acetylation enhances capacity to suppress T-helper 1 (TH1)/TH17 responses and autoimmunity (original) (raw)
Fig 4
GlcNAc-6-Acetate inhibits production of TH1/TH17 cytokines.
(A-C) Human CD4+ T cells were stimulated with anti-CD3ε (1 μg/ml) plus anti-CD28 (0.5 μg/ml) for 5 days with different concentrations of GlcNAc (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mM) or GlcNAc-6-Acetate **(**0, 2.5, 5, 10 mM). Supernatants were analyzed with flow cytometry-based multiplex cytokine assay for TH1 (IFN-γ and TNF-α, TH17 (IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-6 and IL-9) and IL-2, TH2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) cytokines. Data shown are representative of two independent experiments. Error bars represent standard deviation of triplicate treatments.