Biochemical Analysis of Female Mice Urine with Reference to Endocrine Function: A Key Tool for Estrus Detection (original) (raw)
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1 August 2011 Biochemical Analysis of Female Mice Urine with Reference to Endocrine Function: A Key Tool for Estrus Detection
Shanmugam Achiraman,Govindaraju Archunan,Devaraj SankarGanesh,Thangavel Rajagopal,Rengasamy Lakshminarayanan Rengarajan,Palanivel Kokilavani,Soundararajan Kamalakkannan,Soundarapandian Kannan
Author Affiliations +
Shanmugam Achiraman,1,2,* Govindaraju Archunan,2 Devaraj SankarGanesh,1 Thangavel Rajagopal,2,3 Rengasamy Lakshminarayanan Rengarajan,2 Palanivel Kokilavani,1 Soundararajan Kamalakkannan,2,4 Soundarapandian Kannan5
11 Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tami
22Centre for Pheromone Technology, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirap
33Department of Biotechnology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Sivakasi 626 124, Tamilnadu, India
44University of Lausanne, Institute of Physiology, Rue du Bugnon 7, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
55Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India
*Corresponding author. Phone: +91-431-2407088; Fax : +91-431-2407045; E-mail: achiramans@gmail.com
Abstract
Species-specific chemical signals released through urine, sweat, saliva and feces are involved in communication between animals. Urinary biochemical constituents along with pheromones may contribute to variation across reproductive cycles and facilitate to estrus detection. Hence, the present study was designed to analyze such biochemical profiles, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, fatty acids, in response with steroid hormones such as estradiol and progesterone. The experimental groups were normal, prepubertal, ovariectomized, and ovariectomized with estrogentreated female mice. In normal mice, the protein and lipid concentrations in urine were significantly higher in proestrus and estrus phases and the quantity of fatty acids was also comparatively higher in estrus. Furthermore, certain fatty acids, namely tridecanoic, palmitic and oleic acids, were present during proestrus and estrus phases, but were exclusively absent in ovariectomized mice. However, the carbohydrate level was equally maintained throughout the four phases of estrous cycle. For successful communication, higher concentrations of protein and specific fatty acids in estrus are directly involved. The significant increase in estradiol at estrus and progesterone at metestrus seems to be of greater importance in the expression pattern of biochemical constituents and may play a notable role in estrous cycle regulation. Thus, we conclude that the variations observed in the concentration of the biochemical constituents depend on the phase of the reproductive cycle as well as hormonal status of animals. The appearance of protein and specific fatty acids during estrus phase raises the possibility to use these as a urinary indicators for estrus detection.
© 2011 Zoological Society of Japan
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Shanmugam Achiraman, Govindaraju Archunan, Devaraj SankarGanesh, Thangavel Rajagopal, Rengasamy Lakshminarayanan Rengarajan, Palanivel Kokilavani, Soundararajan Kamalakkannan, and Soundarapandian Kannan "Biochemical Analysis of Female Mice Urine with Reference to Endocrine Function: A Key Tool for Estrus Detection," Zoological Science 28(8), 600-605, (1 August 2011). https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.28.600
Received: 14 January 2011; Accepted: 1 January 2011; Published: 1 August 2011
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