The Standardised G115® Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer Extract (original) (raw)
Vogler BK, Pittler MH, Ernst E. The efficacy of ginseng: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1999 Oct; 55(8): 567–75 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Liu JP, Manheimer E, Yang M. Herbal medicines for treating HIV infection and AIDS. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005 Jul 20; (3): CD003937 Google Scholar
Lee H, Birks J. Ginkgo biloba for cognitive improvement in healthy individuals. In: The Cochrane Library. Issue 1. Oxford: Update Software, 2006 Google Scholar
Sievenpiper JKL, Arnasosn JT, Leiter LA, et al. A quantitative systematic analysis of the literature of the high variability in ginseng (Panax spp.): should it be trusted? Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 839–40 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL. Herbal remedies in the management of diabetes: lessons learned from the study of ginseng. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2005; 15: 149–60 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Owen RT. Ginseng: a pharmacological profile. Drugs Today 1981; 17(8): 343–51 CAS Google Scholar
Sprecher E. Ginseng: miracle drug or phytopharmacon? Apoth J 1987; 9(5): 52–61 Google Scholar
The fundamental principles of Chinese tonic herbalism. In: Teeguarden R. Chinese tonic herbs. Tokyo: Japan Publications Inc., 1995: 47–57
The major tonic herbs. In: Teeguarden R. Chinese tonic herbs. Tokyo: Japan Publications Inc., 1995: 77–120
Coon JT, Ernst E. Panax ginseng: a systematic review of adverse effects and drug interactions. Drug Saf 2002; 25(5): 323–44 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kennedy DO, Scholey AB. Ginseng: potential for the enhancement of cognitive performance and mood. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003; 75(3): 687–700 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Arnason JT, Awang DV, Blumenthal M. Evaluation of consistency of standardized Asian ginseng products in the Ginseng Evaluation Program. HerbalGram 2001; 52: 31–45 Google Scholar
Kennedy DO, Scholey AB, Wesnes KA. Dose dependent changes in cognitive performance and mood following acute administration of Ginseng to healthy young volunteers. Nutr Neurosci 2001; 4: 295–310 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Scaglione F, Cogo R, Cocuzza C, et al. Immunomodulatory effects of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (G115®) on alveolar macrophages from patients suffering with chronic bronchitis. Int J Immunother 1994; 10(1): 21–4 Google Scholar
Scaglione F, Weiser K, Alessandria M. Effects of the standardised ginseng extract G115® in patients with chronic bronchitis: a nonblinded, randomised, comparative pilot study. Clin Drug Invest 2001; 21(1): 41–5 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Soldati F, Sticher O. HPLC separation and quantitative determination of ginsenosides from Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium and from ginseng drug preparations. 2nd communication. Planta Med 1980 Aug; 39(4): 348–57 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Soldati F. Panax ginseng: standardisation and biological activity. In: Culter SJ, Culter HG, editors. Biologically active natural products: pharmaceuticals. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press, 2000: 209–32 Google Scholar
Attele AS, Wu JA, Yuan CS. Ginseng pharmacology: multiple constituents and multiple actions. Biochem Pharmacol 1999 Dec 1; 58(11): 1685–93 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Berté F. Toxicological investigation of the standardised ginseng extract G115® after unique administration [LD50]. Lugano, Switzerland: Pharmaton SA, 1982. (Data on file) Google Scholar
Jenny E. On the toxicity of the standardised ginseng extract G115® and pure ginsenosides. Lugano, Switzerland: Pharmaton SA, 1982. (Data on file) Google Scholar
Savel J. Toxicological report on Geriatric Pharmaton®. Lugano, Switzerland: Pharmaton SA, 1971. (Data on file) Google Scholar
Trabucchi E. Teratological investigations of G115®. Lugano, Switzerland: Pharmaton SA, 1971. (Data on file) Google Scholar
Hess Jr FG, Parent RA, Stevens K, et al. Effects of subchronic feeding of ginseng extract G115® in beagle dogs. Food Chem Toxicol 1983 Feb; 21(1): 95–7 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Hess Jr FG, Parent RA, Cox GE, et al. Reproduction study in rats or ginseng extract G115®. Food Chem Toxicol 1982 Apr; 20(2): 189–92 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Althaus FR, Jenny E. Effects of ginseng extracts and ginsenosides at cellular level: DNA repair synthesis in hepatocyte cultures. Lugano, Switzerland: Pharmaton SA, 1984. (Data on file) Google Scholar
Miltenburger HG, Timm A, Mueller E. Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay with standardised ginseng extract G115® Lot 028380161. Lugano, Switzerland: Pharmaton SA, 1989. (Data on file) Google Scholar
Trabucchi E. Toxicological and pharmacological investigation of Geriatric Pharmaton®. Lugano, Switzerland: Pharmaton SA, 1971. (Data on file) Google Scholar
Jenny E, Beglinger R, Becker M. On the cardiovascular action of the standardised ginseng extract G115® and pure ginsenosides. Lugano, Switzerland: Pharmaton SA, 1982. (Data on file) Google Scholar
Singh VK, George CX, Singh N, et al. Combined treatment of mice with Panax ginseng extract and Interferon inducer. Planta Med 1983; 47(4): 234–6 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Singh VK, Agarwai SS, Gupta BM. Immunomodulatory activity of Panax ginseng extract. Planta Med 1984; 50(6): 462–5 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Song ZJ, Johansen HK, Faber V, et al. Ginseng treatment enhances bacterial clearance and decreases lung pathology in athymic rats with chronic P. aeruginosa pneumonia. APMIS 1997 Jun; 105(6): 438–44 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Shin JY, Song JY, Yun YS, et al. Immunostimulating effects of acidic polysaccharides extract of Panax ginseng on macrophage function. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2002 Aug; 24(3): 469–82 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Song Z, Moser C, Wu H, et al. Cytokine modulating effect of ginseng treatment in a mouse model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. J Cyst Fibros 2003 Sep; 2(3): 112–9 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Kim DH, Moon YS, Lee TH, et al. The inhibitory effect of ginseng saponins on the stress-induced plasma interleukin-6 level in mice. Neurosci Lett 2003; 1: 13–6 Article Google Scholar
Park KM, Kim YS, Jeong TC, et al. Nitric oxide is involved in the immunomodulating activities of acidic polysaccharide from Panax ginseng. Planta Med 2001 Mar; 67(2): 122–6 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Larsen MW, Moser C, Hoiby N, et al. Ginseng modulates the immune response by induction of interleukin-12 production. APMIS 2004 Jun; 12(6): 369–73 Article Google Scholar
Pannacci M, Lucini V, Scaglione F. Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer G115® modulates proinflammatory cytokine production in mice throughout the increase of macrophage Toll-like receptor 4 expression during physical stress. Brain Behav Immun. Epub 2006 Feb 7 Google Scholar
Petkov VD, Mosharrof AH. Effects of standardised ginseng extract on learning, memory and physical capabilities. Am J Chin Med 1987; 15(1–2): 19–29 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Petkov VD, Mosharrof AH. Age- and individual-related specificities in the effects of standardised ginseng extract on learning and memory (experiments on rats). Phytother Res 1987; 1(2): 80–4 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Friedl R, Moeslinger T, Kopp B, et al. Stimulation of nitric oxide synthesis by the aqueous extract of Panax ginseng root in RAW 264.7 cells. Br J Pharmacol 2001 Dec; 134(8): 1663–6 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Rivera E, Hu S, Concha C. Ginseng and aluminium hydroxide act synergistically as vaccine adjuvants. Vaccine 2003 Mar 7; 21(11–12): 1149–57 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Rivera E, Daggfeldt A, Hu S. Ginseng extract in aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted vaccines improves the antibody response of pigs to porcine parvovirus and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2003 Jan 10; 91(1): 19–27 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Medzhitov R, Preston-Hurlburt P, Janeway Jr CA. A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity. Nature 1997 Jul 24; 388(6640): 394–7 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
O’Hara M, Kiefer D, Farrell K, et al. A review of 12 commonly used medicinal herbs. Arch Fam Med 1998; 7: 523–36 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Robbers JE, Tyler VE. Tyler’s herbs of choice: the therapeutic use of phytomedicinals. New York: Hawort Herbal Press, 1999 Google Scholar
Lee YJE, Chung K, Lee YH, et al. Ginsenoside-Rgl, one of the major active molecules from Panax ginseng, is a functional ligand of glucocorticoid receptor. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1997; 113: 135–40 Article Google Scholar
Cui JF, Bjorkhem I, Eneroth P. Dose-dependent urinary excretion of 20 (S)-protopanaxadiol and 20 (S)-protopanaxatriol glycosides in man after ingestion of ginseng preparations: a pilot study. Lugano, Switzerland: Pharmaton SA, 1995. (Data on file) Google Scholar
Cui JF, Garle M, Bjorkhem I, et al. Determination of aglycones of ginsenosides in ginseng preparations sold in Sweden and in urine samples from Swedish athletes consuming ginseng. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1996; 56: 151–60 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Tawab MA, Bahr U, Karas M, et al. Degradation of ginsenosides in humans after oral administration. Drug Metab Dispos 2003; 31(8): 1065–71 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Dörling E, Kirchdorfer AM, Rueckert KH. Do ginsenosides influence the performance? Results of a double-blind study. Notabene Medici 1980; 10(5): 241–6 Google Scholar
Scaglione F, Ferrara F, Dugnani S, et al. Immunomodulatory effects of two extracts of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1990; 16(10): 537–42 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Scaglione F, Cattaneo G, Alessandria M, et al. Efficacy and safety of the standardised ginseng extract G115® for potentiating vaccination against the influenza syndrome and protection against the common cold. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1996; 22(2): 65–72 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Wiklund IK, Mattsson LA, Lindgren R, et al. Effects of a standardised ginseng extract on quality of life and physiological parameters in symptomatic postmenopausal women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1999; 19(3): 89–99 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Cheah JS. Ginsana G115® versus placebo in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes. Lugano, Switzerland: Pharmaton SA, 1994. (Data on file) Google Scholar
Forgo I, Kayasseh L, Staub JJ. Effect of standardised ginseng extract on general well-being, reaction capacity, pulmonary function and gonadal hormones. Med Welt 1981; 32(19): 751–6 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Mulz D, Scardigli G, Jans G, et al. Langzeitbehandlung der Psychasthenie in der zweiten Lebenshaelfte. Pharm Rundsch 1990; 12: 86 Google Scholar
Rosenfeld MS, Nachtajler SP, Schwartz GT, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of a standardised ginseng extract in patients with psychophysical asthenia and neurological disorders. Sem Med 1989; 173(9): 148–54 Google Scholar
Gianoli AC, Riebenfeld D. Doppelblind-Studie zur Beurteilung der Vertraeglichkeit und Wirkung des standardisierten Ginseng-Extraktes G 115 mit speziellem Bezug auf dessen Einfluss auf die Widerstandsfähigkeit des Organismus gegen externe Einwirkungen. Cytobiol Rev 1984; 8(3): 177–86 Google Scholar
Forgo I. Effect of drugs on physical performance and hormone system of sportsmen. MMW Munch Med Wochenschr 1983; 125(38): 822–4 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Van Schepdael P. Les effets du ginseng G115® sur la capacité physique de sportifs d’endurance. Acta Ther 1993; 19: 337–47 Google Scholar
D’Angelo L, Grimaldi R, Caravaggi M, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study on the effect of a standardized ginseng extract on psychomotor performance in healthy volunteers. J Ethnopharmacol 1986 Apr–May; 16(1): 15–22 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Bahrke MS, Morgan WR. Evaluation of the ergogenic properties of ginseng: an update. Sports Med 2000 Feb; 29(2): 113–33 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Gross D, Krieger D, Efrat R, et al. Ginseng extract G115® for the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases: a pilot study investigating the effects of ginseng extract G115® on pulmonary functions, general functions and oxygenation. Schweiz Z Ganzheits Med 1995; 7(1): 29–33 Google Scholar
Forgo I, Kirchdorfer AM. On the question of influencing the performance of top sportsmen by means of biologically active substances. Arztl Prax 1981; 33(44): 1784–6 Google Scholar
Forgo I, Kirchdorfer AM. The effect of different ginsenoside concentrations on physical work capacity. Notabene Medici 1982; 12(9): 721–7 Google Scholar
Forgo I, Schimert G. The duration of effect of the standardised Ginseng extract G115® in healthy competitive athletes. Notabene Medici 1985; 15(9): 636–40 Google Scholar
Pujol P, Verdaguer-Codina J, Drobnic F, et al. Effects of a ginseng extract alone and combined with other elements on free radical production and hemoglobin reoxygenation following a maximal stress test [poster]. International Pre-Olympic Scientific Conference; 1996 Jul 10–14; Dallas (TX)
Reinold E. Der Einsatz von Ginseng in der Gynaekologie. Natur Ganzheitsmed 1990; 4: 131–4 Google Scholar
Kennedy DO, Scholey AB, Wesnes KA. Modulation of cognition and mood following administration of single doses of Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, and a ginkgo/ginseng combination to healthy young adults. Physiol Behav 2002; 75(5): 739–51 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Sunram-Lea SI, Foster JK, Durlach P, et al. The influence of fat co-administration on the glucose memory facilitation effect. Nutr Neurosci 2004 Feb; 7(1): 21–32 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Labadorf C, Manktelow TC, Labadorf S, et al. The global cognitive effects of ginseng taken by healthy volunteers over a 21 day period [abstract]. J Psychopharmacol 2004; 18Suppl. 1: A46 Google Scholar
Wesnes KA, Faleni RA, Hefting NR, et al. The cognitive, subjective, and physical effects of a ginkgo biloba/panax ginseng combination in healthy volunteers with neurasthenic complaints. Psychopharmacol Bull 1997; 33(4): 677–83 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Wesnes KA, Ward T, McGinty A, et al. The memory enhancing effects of a Ginkgo biloba/Panax ginseng combination in healthy middle-aged volunteers. Psychopharmacology 2000; 152(4): 353–61 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Wesnes K, Luthringer R, Ambrosetti L, et al. The effects of a combination of Panax ginseng, vitamins and minerals on mental performance, mood and physical fatigue in nurses working night shifts: a double blind, placebo controlled trial. Curr Topics Nutraceutical Res 2003; 1(3): 169–74 CAS Google Scholar
Hopkins MP, Androff L, Benninghoff AS. Ginseng face cream and unexplained vaginal bleeding. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988; 159(5): 1121–2 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Palop V, Catalan C, Rubio E, et al. Ginecomastia en un varon y ginseng [letter]. Med Clin (Barc) 1999; 112(19): 758 CAS Google Scholar
Palop-Larrea V, Gonzalvez-Perales JL, Catalan-Oliver C, et al. Metrorrhagia and ginseng. Ann Pharmacother 2000; 34: 1347–8 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Jones BD, Runikis AM. Interaction of ginseng with phenelzine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1987; 7(3): 201–2 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Shader RI, Greenblatt DJ. Bees, ginseng and MAOIs revisited. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1988; 8(4): 235 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Janetzky K, Morreale AP. Probable interaction between warfarin and ginseng. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1997; 54: 692–3 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Lee FC, Ko JH, Park JK, et al. Effects of Panax ginseng on blood alcohol clearance in man. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1987 Jun; 14(6): 543–6 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
De Smet PA. Health risks of herbal remedies: an update. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004; 76(1): 1–17 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar