Warm-Up and Stretching in the Prevention of Muscular Injury (original) (raw)

• Garrett Jr WE. Muscle strain injuries: clinical and basic aspects. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990; 22 (4): 436–43
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Kirkendall DT, Garrett Jr WE. Clinical perspectives regarding eccentric muscle injury. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2002; 403Suppl.: S81–9
  Article Google Scholar
• Shellock FG, Prentice WE. Warming-up and stretching for improved physical performance and prevention of sports-relatedinjuries. Sports Med 1985; 2 (4): 267–79
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Safran MR, Seaber AV, Garrett Jr WE. Warm-up and muscular injury prevention: an update. Sports Med 1989; 8 (4): 239–50
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Bishop D. Performance changes following active warm up and how to structure the warm up. Sports Med 2003; 33 (7): 483–98
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Pope RP, Herbert RD, Kirwan JD, et al. A randomized trial of preexercise stretching for prevention of lower-limb injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32 (2): 271–7
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Bixler B, Jones RL. High-school football injuries: effects of a post-halftime warm-up and stretching routine. Fam Pract Res J 1992; 12 (2): 131–9
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Safran MR, Garrett Jr WE, Seaber AV, et al. The role of warm-up in muscular injury prevention. Am J Sports Med 1988; 16 (2): 123–9
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Faigenbaum AD, Bellucci M, Bernieri A, et al. Acute effects of different warm-up protocols on fitness performance in children. J Strength Cond Res 2005; 19 (2): 376–81
  PubMed Google Scholar
• McKardle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL. Exercise physiology: energy, nutrition, and human performance. 3rd ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lea & Febiger, 1991
  Google Scholar
• Agre JC. Hamstring injuries proposed aetiological factors, prevention, and treatment. Sports Med 1985; 2 (1): 21–33
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Magnusson SP, Larsson AB, Kjaer M. Passive energy absorption by human muscle-tendon unit is unaffected by increase in intramuscular temperature. J Appl Physiol 2000; 88: 1215–20
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Sullivan MK, Dejulia JJ, Worrell TW. Effect of pelvic position and stretching method on hamstring muscle flexibility. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992; 24 (12): 1383–9
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• De Weijer VC, Gorniak GC, Shamus E. The effect of static stretch and warm-up exercise on hamstring length over the course of 24 hours. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2003; 33 (12): 727–33
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Hartig DE, Henderson JM. Increasing hamstring flexibility decreases lower extremity overuse injuries in military basic trainees. Am J Sports Med 1999; 27 (2): 173–6
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Rosenbaum D, Hennig EM. The influence of stretching and warm-up exercises on achilles tendon reflex activity. J Sports Sci 1995; 13 (6): 481–90
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Reid DA, McNair PJ. Passive force, angle, and stiffness changes after stretching of hamstring muscles. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36 (11): 1944–8
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Amako M, Oda T, Masuoka K, et al. Effect of static stretching on prevention of injuries for military recruits. Mil Med 2003; 168 (6): 442–6
  Google Scholar
• Kreighbaum E, Barthels KM. Biomechanics: a qualitative approach for studying human movement. 4th ed. Boston (MA): Allyn and Bacon, 1996
• Weerapong P, Hume PA, Kolt GS. Stretching: mechanisms and benefits for sport performance and injury prevention. Phys Ther Rev 2004; 9 (4): 189–206
  Article Google Scholar
• Verrall GM, Slavotinek JP, Barnes PG. The effect of sports specific training on reducing the incidence of hamstring injuries in professional Australian Rules football players. Br J Sports Med 2005; 39 (6): 363–8
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Taylor DC, Brooks DE, Ryan JB. Viscoelastic characteristics of muscle: passive stretching versus muscular contractions. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997; 29 (12): 1619–24
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Church JB, Wiggins MS, Moode EM, et al. Effect of warm-up and flexibility treatments on vertical jump performance. J Strength Cond Res 2001; 15 (3): 332–6
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Morgan DL, Allen DG. Early events in stretch-induced muscle damage. J Appl Physiol 1999; 87 (6): 2007–15
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Lieber RL, Friden J. Mechanisms of muscle injury after eccentric contraction. J Sci Med Sport 1999; 2 (3): 253–65
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Mair SD, Seaber AV, Glisson RR, et al. The role of fatigue in susceptibility to acute muscle strain injury. Am J Sports Med 1996; 24 (2): 137–43
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Proske U, Morgan DL, Brockett CL, et al. Identifying athletes at risk of hamstring strains and how to protect them. Clin Exper Pharmacol Physiol 2004; 31 (8): 546–50
  Article CAS Google Scholar
• Armstrong RB. Initial events in exercise-induced muscular injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990; 22 (4): 429–35
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Reisman S, Walsh LD, Proske U. Warm-up stretches reduce sensations of stiffness and soreness after eccentric exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005; 37 (6): 929–36
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Magnusson SP. Passive properties of human skeletal muscle during stretch maneuvers: a review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1998; 8: 65–77
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• McHugh MP, Magnusson SP, Gleim GW, et al. Viscoelastic stress relaxation in human skeletal muscle. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992; 24 (12): 1375–82
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Garrett Jr WE. Muscle strain injuries. Am J Sports Med 1996; 24 (6): S2–S8
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Halbertsma JP, van Bolhuis AI, Goeken LN. Effect of passive muscle stiffness of short hamstrings. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996; 77: 688–92
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Halbertsma JP, Mulder I, Goeken LN, et al. Repeated passive stretching: acute effect on the passive muscle moment and extensibility of short hamstrings. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999; 80: 407–14
  Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Magnusson SP, Simonsen EB, Aagaard P, et al. A mechanism for altered flexibility in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol 1996; 497 (1): 291–8
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Jones BH, Cowan DN, Tomlinson JP, et al. Epidemiology of injuries associated with physical training among young men in the army. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993; 25 (2): 197–203
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Herbert RD, Gabriel M. Effects of stretching before and after exercising on muscle soreness and risk of injury: systematic review. BMJ 2002; 325 (7362): 468
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Pope RP, Herbert RD, Kirwan JD. Effects of ankle dorsiflexion range and pre-exercise calf muscle stretching on injury risk in army recruits. Aust J Physiother 1998; 44 (3): 165–77
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Brockett CL, Morgan DL, Proske U. Human hamstring muscles adapt to eccentric exercise by changing optimum length. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33 (5): 783–90
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Hart L. Effect of stretching on sport injury risk: a review. Clin J Sport Med 2005; 15 (2): 113
  Article PubMed Google Scholar