The effect of orthographic similarity on lexical retrieval: Resolving neighborhood conflicts (original) (raw)

References

• Andrews, S. (1989). Frequency and neighborhood effects on lexical access: Activation or search?Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition,15, 802–814.
  Article Google Scholar
• Andrews, S. (1992). Frequency and neighborhood effects on lexical access: Lexical similarity or orthographic redundancy?Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition,18, 234–254.
  Article Google Scholar
• Andrews, S. (1996). Lexical retrieval and selection processes: Effects of transposed-letter confusability.Journal of Memory & Language,35, 775–800.
  Article Google Scholar
• Andrews, S., &Scarratt, D. R. (in press). Rule and analogy mechanisms in pronouncing nonwords: Hough dou peapel gnew wirds.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance.
• Balota, D. A. (1990). The role of meaning in word recognition. In D. A. Balota, G. B. Flores d’Arcais, & K. Rayner (Eds.),Comprehension processes in reading (pp. 9–32). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  Google Scholar
• Balota, D. A., &Chumbley, J. I. (1984). Are lexical decisions a good measure of lexical access?. The role of word frequency in the neglected decision stage.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance,10, 340–357.
  Article Google Scholar
• Balota, D. A., &Chumbley, J. I. (1985). The locus of word-frequency effects in the pronunciation task: Lexical access and/or production?Journal of Memory & Language,24, 89–106.
  Article Google Scholar
• Baluch, B., &Besner, D. (1991). Visual word recognition: Evidence for strategic control of lexical and nonlexical routes in oral reading.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition,17, 644–652.
  Article Google Scholar
• Burnage, D. (1998).CELEX: A guide for users. Nijmegen: Centre for Lexical Information.
  Google Scholar
• Carreiras, M.,Perea, M., &Grainger, J. (in press). Effects of orthographic neighborhood in visual word recognition: Cross-task comparisons.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition,23, 857–871.
• Colombo, L. (1986). Activation and inhibition with orthographically similar words.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance,12, 226–234.
  Article Google Scholar
• Coltheart, M. (1978). Lexical access in simple reading tasks. In G. Underwood (Ed.),Strategies of information processing (pp. 151–216). New York: Academic Press.
  Google Scholar
• Coltheart, M., Curtis, B., Atkins, P., &Haller, M. (1993). Models of reading aloud: Dual-route and parallel-distributed-processing approaches.Psychological Review,100, 589–608.
  Article Google Scholar
• Coltheart, M., Davelaar, E., Jonasson, J. T., &Besner, D. (1977). Access to the internal lexicon. In S. Dornic (Ed.),Attention and performance VI (pp. 535–555). Hilldale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  Google Scholar
• Coltheart, M., &Rastle, K. (1994). Serial processing in reading aloud: Evidence for dual-route models of reading.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance,20, 1197–1211.
  Article Google Scholar
• Content, A. (1991). The effect of spelling-to-sound regularity on naming in French.Psychological Research,53, 3–12.
  Article Google Scholar
• Forster, K. I. (1976). Accessing the mental lexicon. In R. Wales & E. Walker (Eds.),New approaches to language mechanisms (pp. 257–287). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
  Google Scholar
• Forster, K. I., &Davis, C. (1984). Repetition priming and frequency attenuation in lexical access.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition,10, 680–698.
  Article Google Scholar
• Forster, K. I., &Dickinson, R. G. (1976). More on the languageas-fixed-effect fallacy: Monte Carlo estimates of error rates for F1, F2, F and min F.Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior,15, 135–142.
  Article Google Scholar
• Forster, K. I., &Shen, D. (1996). No enemies in the neighborhood: Absence of inhibitory effects in lexical decision and semantic categorization.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition,22, 696–713.
  Article Google Scholar
• Frauenfelder, U. H., Baayen, R. H., Hellwig, F. M., &Schreuder, R. (1993). Neighborhood density and frequency across languages and modalities.Journal of Memory & Language,32, 781–804.
  Article Google Scholar
• Gak, V. G. (1976).L’orthographie du francais [French orthography]. Paris: SELAF.
  Google Scholar
• Gordon, B. (1983). Lexical access and lexical decision: Mechanisms of frequency sensitivity.Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior,22, 24–44.
  Article Google Scholar
• Grainger, J. (1990). Word frequency and neighbourhood frequency effects in lexical decision and naming.Journal of Memory & Language,29, 228–244.
  Article Google Scholar
• Grainger, J., &Jacobs, A. M. (1996). Orthographic processing in visual word recognition: A multiple read-out model.Psychological Review,103, 518–565.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Grainger, J., O’Regan, J. K., Jacobs, A. M., &Segui, J. (1989). On the role of competing word units in visual word recognition: The neighborhood frequency effect.Perception & Psychophysics,45, 189–195.
  Article Google Scholar
• Grainger, J., O’Regan, J. K., Jacobs, A. M., &Segui, J. (1992). Neighborhood frequency effects and letter visibility in visual word recognition.Perception & Psychophysics,51, 49–56.
  Article Google Scholar
• Grainger, J., &Segui, J. (1990). Neighborhood frequency effects in visual word recognition.Perception & Psychophysics,47, 191–198.
  Article Google Scholar
• Huntsman, L. A., &Lima, S. D. (1996). Orthographic neighborhood structure and lexical access.Journal of Psycholinguistic Research,25, 417–429.
  Article Google Scholar
• Jacobs, A. M., &Grainger, J. (1992). Testing a semistochastic variant of the interactive activation model in different word recognition experiments.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance,18, 1174–1188.
  Article Google Scholar
• Jacobs, A. M., &Grainger, J. (1994). Models of visual word recognition—Sampling the state of the art.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance,20, 1311–1334.
  Article Google Scholar
• Johnson, N. F., &Pugh, K. R. (1994). A cohort model of visual word recognition.Cognitive Psychology,26, 240–346.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Landauer, T. K., &Streeter, L. A. (1973). Structural differences between common and rare words: Failure or equivalence assumptions for theories of word recognition.Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior,12, 119–131.
  Article Google Scholar
• Laxon, V. J., Coltheart, V., &Keating, C. (1988). Children find friendly words friendly too: Words with many orthographic neighbours are easier to read and spell.British Journal of Educational Psychology,58, 103–119.
  Google Scholar
• Laxon, V., Masterton, J., Pool, M., &Keating, C. (1992). Nonword naming: Further exploration of the pseudohomophone effect in terms of orthographic neighborhood size, graphemic changes, spellingsound consistency, and reader accuracy.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition,18, 730–748.
  Article Google Scholar
• Massaro, D. W., Taylor, G. A., Venezky, R. L., Jastrzembski, J. E., &Lucas, P. A. (1980).Letter and word perception: Orthographic structure and visual processing in reading. New York: North-Holland.
  Google Scholar
• McCann, R. S., &Besner, D. (1987). Reading pseudohomophones: Implications for models of pronunciation assembly and the locus of word-frequency effects in naming.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance,13, 14–24.
  Article Google Scholar
• McClelland, J. L. (1979). On the time relations of mental processes: An examination of systems of processes in cascade.Psychological Review,86, 287–330.
  Article Google Scholar
• McClelland, J. L., McNaughton, B. L., &O’Reilly, R. C. (1995). Why are there complementary learning mechanisms in the hippocampus and neocortex? Insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory.Psychological Review,102, 419–437.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• McClelland, J. L., &Rumelhart, D. E. (1981). An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: Part 1. An account of basic findings.Psychological Review,88, 375–407.
  Article Google Scholar
• Michie, P. T.,Coltheart, M.,Langdon, R., &Haller, M. (1994).Effects of orthographic neighborhood size on visual word recognition: Behavioral, electrophysiological and computational evidence. Unpublished manuscript, Macquarie University.
• Monsell, S., Doyle, M. C., &Haggard, P. N. (1989). Effects of frequency on visual word recognition tasks: Where are they?Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,118, 43–71.
  Article Google Scholar
• Monsell, S., Patterson, K. E., Graham, A., Hughes, C. H., &Milroy, R. (1992). Lexical and sublexical translation of spelling to sound: Strategic anticipation of lexical status.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition,18, 452–467.
  Article Google Scholar
• Morton, J. (1970). A functional model for memory. In D. A. Norman (Ed.),Models of human memory (pp. 203–254). New York: Academic Press.
  Google Scholar
• O’Connor, R. E., &Forster, K. I. (1981). Criterion bias and search sequence bias in word recognition.Memory & Cognition,9, 78–92.
  Article Google Scholar
• Paap, K. R., &Johansen, L. S. (1994). The case of the vanishing frequency effect: A retest of the verification model.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance,26, 1129–1157.
  Article Google Scholar
• Paap, K. R., Newsome, S. L., McDonald, J. E., &Schvaneveldt, R. W. (1982). An activation-verification model for letter and word recognition: The word-superiority effect.Psychological Review,89, 573–594.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Patterson, J., &Morton, K. E. (1985). From orthography to phonology: A new attempt at an old interpretation. In K. E. Patterson, J. C. Marshall, & M. Coltheart. (Eds.),Surface dyslexia (pp. 335–359). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  Google Scholar
• Peereman, R., &Content, A. (1995). Neighborhood size effect in naming words and pseudowords.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition,21, 409–421.
  Article Google Scholar
• Perea, M., &Carreiras, M. (in press). Effects of syllable frequency and syllable neighborhood frequency in visual word recognition.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance.
• Perea, M., &Pollatsek, A. (in press). The effects of neighborhood frequency in reading and lexical decision.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance.
• Plaut, D. C., McClelland, J. L., Seidenberg, M. S., &Patterson, K. (1996). Understanding normal and impaired word reading: Computational principles in quasi-regular domains.Psychological Review,103, 56–115.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Plunkett, K., &Marchman, V. (1991). U-shaped learning and frequency effects in a multi-layered perception: Implications for child language acquisition.Cognition,38, 43–102.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Pugh, K. R., Rexer, K., &Katz, L. (1994). Evidence of flexible coding in visual word recognition.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance,20, 807–825.
  Article Google Scholar
• Reichle, E.,Pollatsek, A.,Fisher, D. L., &Rayner, K. (in press). Towards a model of eye movements in reading.Psychological Review.
• Rubenstein, H., Garfield, L., &Millikan, J. A. (1970). Homographic entries in the internal lexicon.Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior,9, 487–494.
  Article Google Scholar
• Sears, C. R., Hino, Y., &Lupker, S. J. (1995). Neighborhood size and neighborhood frequency effects in word recognition.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance,21, 876–900.
  Article Google Scholar
• Segui, J., &Grainger, J. (1990). Priming word recognition with orthographic neighbors: The effects of relative prime-target frequency.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance,16, 65–76.
  Article Google Scholar
• Seidenberg, M. S., &McClelland, J. L. (1989). A distributed, developmental model of word recognition and naming.Psychological Review,96, 523–568.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Shulman, H. G., Hornak, R., &Sanders, E. (1978). The effects of graphemic, phonetic, and semantic relationships on access to lexical structures.Memory & Cognition,6, 115–123.
  Article Google Scholar
• Snodgrass, J. G., &Minzer, M. (1993). Neighborhood effects in visual word recognition: Facilitatory or inhibitory?Memory & Cognition,21, 247–266.
  Article Google Scholar
• Spoehr, K. T., &Smith, E. E. (1973). The role of syllables in perceptual processing.Cognitive Psychology,104, 21–34.
  Google Scholar
• Taft, M. (1979). Lexical access via an orthographic code: The basic orthographic syllabic structure (BOSS).Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior,18, 21–39.
  Article Google Scholar
• Taft, M. (1991).Reading and the mental lexicon. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  Google Scholar
• Taft, M., &Radeau, M. (1995). The influence of the phonological characteristics of a language on the functional units of reading: A study of French.Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology,49, 330–346.
  Article Google Scholar
• Treiman, R. (1988). The internal structure of syllables. In G. Carlson & M. Tanenhaus (Eds.),Linguistic structure in language processing (pp. 27–52). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
  Google Scholar
• Treiman, R. (1992). The role of intrasyllabic units in learning to read and spell. In P. B. Gough, L. Ehri, & R. Treiman (Eds.),Reading acquisition (pp. 65–106). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  Google Scholar
• Treiman, R., Goswami, U., &Bruck, M. (1990). Not all nonwords are alike: Implications for reading development and theory.Memory & Cognition,18, 559–567.
  Article Google Scholar
• Treiman, R., Mullennix, J., Bijeljac-Babic, R., &Richmond-Welty, E. D. (1995). The special role of rimes in description, use, and acquisition of English orthography.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,124, 107–136.
  Article Google Scholar
• Van Orden, G. C., &Goldinger, S. D. (1994). Independence of form and function in cognitive systems explains perception of printed words.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance,20, 1269–1291.
  Article Google Scholar
• Wickelgren, W. A. (1969). Context-sensitive coding, associative memory, and serial order in (speech) behavior.Psychological Review,76, 1–15.
  Article Google Scholar

Download references