Cindy Cottle | Drexel University (original) (raw)
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368 CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND BEHAVIOR 1998, accounted for 18% of all persons arrested in 1998, and ar... more 368 CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND BEHAVIOR 1998, accounted for 18% of all persons arrested in 1998, and are among the fastest growing groups of offenders (FBI, 1998). The per-centage of offenses committed by children and adolescents increased by 24% from 1989 to 1998, ...
Psychological Assessment, 2011
Normative comparisons are an integral component of neuropsychological test interpretation and pro... more Normative comparisons are an integral component of neuropsychological test interpretation and provide the basis for an inference of abnormal function and impairment. In order to remedy a deficit of normative standards for a large number of neuropsychology tests, used the meta-analysis of studies that incorporated normal volunteers to create a type of normative standard for many tests in neuropsychology that were not adequately normed in the past. The present study examined this method by contrasting meta-analysis norms of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R; Wechsler, 1981) with its published quota norms. The study examined 12 experimental studies of the WAIS-R that included normal, control volunteers ). These were combined by meta-analysis, and the summary scores were compared. The meta-analysis revealed a significant sampling bias with studies recruiting more White and higher educated respondents than indicated by the U.S. Census. This bias was successfully corrected using Monte Carlo simulation and adjustments for quota sampling. The corrections could be applied to all meta-analysis norms currently in use and bring them in line with the U.S. Census demographics.
Criminal Justice and Behavior, 2001
We used meta-analysis to identify variables that are most strongly associated with recidivism rat... more We used meta-analysis to identify variables that are most strongly associated with recidivism rates among juvenile offenders for two outcomes: sexual reoffending and violent reoffending. A total of 9 published studies representing 1,160 participants met inclusion criteria for sexual reoffending among juveniles. Among studies examining violent juvenile reoffending, a total of 4 studies, representing 380 participants, met inclusion criteria. For sexual offense recidivism, predictor variables were grouped into three categories: 1) offense history variables, 2) family/social factors, and 3) intervention variables. Among studies examining violent juvenile offenders, only one used violent reoffending as an outcome variable; the remaining studies focused on any reoffending among violent juvenile offenders. For the "any recidivism" outcome among violent non-sexual offenders, only a single variable could be compared among studies -a composite variable, encompassing various treatment interventions, which was created for this meta-analysis. Effect sizes were calculated for this variable for both sexual and violent juvenile offenders, respectively. For juvenile sexual reoffending, predictors were compared within and across each of the three categories for their impact on reducing recidivism.
368 CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND BEHAVIOR 1998, accounted for 18% of all persons arrested in 1998, and ar... more 368 CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND BEHAVIOR 1998, accounted for 18% of all persons arrested in 1998, and are among the fastest growing groups of offenders (FBI, 1998). The per-centage of offenses committed by children and adolescents increased by 24% from 1989 to 1998, ...
Psychological Assessment, 2011
Normative comparisons are an integral component of neuropsychological test interpretation and pro... more Normative comparisons are an integral component of neuropsychological test interpretation and provide the basis for an inference of abnormal function and impairment. In order to remedy a deficit of normative standards for a large number of neuropsychology tests, used the meta-analysis of studies that incorporated normal volunteers to create a type of normative standard for many tests in neuropsychology that were not adequately normed in the past. The present study examined this method by contrasting meta-analysis norms of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R; Wechsler, 1981) with its published quota norms. The study examined 12 experimental studies of the WAIS-R that included normal, control volunteers ). These were combined by meta-analysis, and the summary scores were compared. The meta-analysis revealed a significant sampling bias with studies recruiting more White and higher educated respondents than indicated by the U.S. Census. This bias was successfully corrected using Monte Carlo simulation and adjustments for quota sampling. The corrections could be applied to all meta-analysis norms currently in use and bring them in line with the U.S. Census demographics.
Criminal Justice and Behavior, 2001
We used meta-analysis to identify variables that are most strongly associated with recidivism rat... more We used meta-analysis to identify variables that are most strongly associated with recidivism rates among juvenile offenders for two outcomes: sexual reoffending and violent reoffending. A total of 9 published studies representing 1,160 participants met inclusion criteria for sexual reoffending among juveniles. Among studies examining violent juvenile reoffending, a total of 4 studies, representing 380 participants, met inclusion criteria. For sexual offense recidivism, predictor variables were grouped into three categories: 1) offense history variables, 2) family/social factors, and 3) intervention variables. Among studies examining violent juvenile offenders, only one used violent reoffending as an outcome variable; the remaining studies focused on any reoffending among violent juvenile offenders. For the "any recidivism" outcome among violent non-sexual offenders, only a single variable could be compared among studies -a composite variable, encompassing various treatment interventions, which was created for this meta-analysis. Effect sizes were calculated for this variable for both sexual and violent juvenile offenders, respectively. For juvenile sexual reoffending, predictors were compared within and across each of the three categories for their impact on reducing recidivism.