Claudia Alvarez | Universidad EAFIT (original) (raw)
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Papers by Claudia Alvarez
El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la influencia que tienen las instituciones en la activida... more El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la influencia que tienen las instituciones en la actividad emprendedora, utilizando como marco teorico de referencia la Teoria Economica Institucional. A partir de un modelo de datos de panel y con informacion del Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), se demuestra estadisticamente el impacto que algunas instituciones tienen en la creacion de empresas. Los resultados mas relevantes indican que la formacion en gestion, el control de la corrupcion y los modelos de referencia incrementan las tasas de actividad emprendedora. Asi mismo, la estabilidad politica, el PIB-PPP y el desempleo tienen una relacion negativa con la creacion de empresas. A partir de los resultados de este trabajo puede inferirse que los factores informales tienen un mayor impacto en la actividad emprendedora que los factores formales. Las evidencias encontradas podrian ser muy utiles para el diseno de politicas gubernamentales relativas al fomento de la actividad emprendedora.
Innovar-revista De Ciencias Administrativas Y Sociales, 2013
entrepreneurship literature frequently identifies entrepreneurs as possessing a charismatic perso... more entrepreneurship literature frequently identifies entrepreneurs as possessing a charismatic personality. Charisma is broadly defined as a combination of the talent to foresee market opportunities and the ability to motivate other people in the materialization of these opportunities. Business organizations also provide the context for developing skills and knowledge, which is particularly valuable for potential entrepreneurs who identify business opportunities. Using a sample of 41 countries, we show that higher rates of charismatic leadership at the country level are positively associated with entrepreneurial activity. this outcome suggests that both business-oriented and educational organizations that promote charismatic leadership play a significant role in the development of entrepreneurial incubators.
Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 2013
El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los efectos de la diversidad cultural, medida a partir de... more El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los efectos de la diversidad cultural, medida a partir de la fragmentación étnica, lingüística y religiosa, sobre la actividad emprendedora. A partir de datos de 39 países que hacen parte del proyecto Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) para el año 2008 y utilizando diversas regresiones lineales, se demuestra la importancia de la fragmentación étnica y lingüística sobre la religiosa, como condicionantes del emprendimiento. En cuanto a las implicaciones, el estudio permite por un lado, avanzar en la relación entre instituciones informales como la cultura y el emprendimiento, desde una faceta más novedosa como es la diversidad cultural en el contexto de la teoría institucional. A su vez, las evidencias encontradas podrían facilitar el diseño de políticas y estrategias de fomento a la actividad emprendedora, en el contexto de globalización actual que favorece la movilidad geográfica y por ende, la diversidad cultural.
Cybernetics and Systems, 2015
This research attempts to empirically examine the relationship between leadership styles and inno... more This research attempts to empirically examine the relationship between leadership styles and innovative entrepreneurship through regression analysis, using a sample of 43 countries and data from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness. In light of institutional approaches and specifically based on the normative dimension, the main findings of the study indicate that participative leadership and higher education represent the strongest explanatory factor in the variance of the current rates of innovative entrepreneurship. This study has contributions for both researchers and policymakers on new firm creation (entrepreneurship) and on the generation of innovation within organizations (intrapreneurship).
RESUMEN En el mundo y especialmente en los países subdesarrollados, gran parte de la población vi... more RESUMEN En el mundo y especialmente en los países subdesarrollados, gran parte de la población vive en zonas pobres, aisladas y no interconectadas. Debido a esto, los gobiernos y numerosas ONGs hacen grandes esfuerzos en formular e implementar políticas, planes, programas y proyectos de desarrollo y energización rural, basados en la idea que con energía, las comunidades podrán disfrutar de una mejor calidad de vida, incrementando significativamente las oportunidades de desarrollo para su región. Sin embargo, en su mayoría, dichos proyectos de energización no han sido exitosos. Uno de los principales factores causantes de este problema, se ubica en el momento del planeamiento del proyecto. El no contar con procesos y herramientas formales que apoyen a los decisores tanto en el momento de la toma de sus decisiones, como en el estudio y análisis previo de las mismas, contribuye al fracaso de los proyectos. Se necesitan herramientas que le permitan a los decisores, analizar y/o vislumbr...
International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2013
ABSTRACT The purpose of this chapter is to analyse the main sociocultural factors and their impac... more ABSTRACT The purpose of this chapter is to analyse the main sociocultural factors and their impact on female entrepreneurship in the innovative service sector in Catalonia (Spain) and to establish differences to male initiatives using the institutional approach as a theoretical framework. Based on a comparative case study, the principal findings suggest that social networks, role models, entrepreneurial attitudes and family context are important determinants of female entrepreneurship. Family context is, in particular, a crucial factor, which might have a larger impact on women than men. The research contributes both theoretically, with the creation of knowledge in less researched areas such as female entrepreneurship in Spain, and practically, through the development of sustainable support policies for female entrepreneurial activity.
Small Business Economics, 2014
ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of institutional dimensions (reg... more ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of institutional dimensions (regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive) on the probability of becoming an entrepreneur. The main findings demonstrate, through logistic regression, that a favourable regulative dimension (fewer procedures to start a business), normative dimension (higher media attention for new business) and cultural-cognitive dimension (better entrepreneurial skills, less fear of business failure and better knowing of entrepreneurs) increase the probability of being an entrepreneur. Data were obtained from both the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and the International Institute for Management and Development for the year 2008, considering a sample of 30 countries and 36,525 individuals. The study advances the literature by providing new information on the environmental factors that affect entrepreneurial activity in the light of institutional economics. Also, the research could be useful for designing policies to foster entrepreneurship in different environments.
International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2013
Abstract This study examines the influence of the cultural-cognitive dimension-measured through c... more Abstract This study examines the influence of the cultural-cognitive dimension-measured through creativity, risk taking and independence-on the probability of becoming an entrepreneur or an employee. Institutional economics is used as theoretical framework of the research. The empirical research uses binomial and multinomial probit models, when controlling for socio-demographic factors and macro variables. Data was obtained from the World Values Survey, for the period 2005-2008, considering a sample of 41 countries and ...
Small Business Economics, 2014
ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of institutional dimensions (reg... more ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of institutional dimensions (regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive) on the probability of becoming an entrepreneur. The main findings demonstrate, through logistic regression, that a favourable regulative dimension (fewer procedures to start a business), normative dimension (higher media attention for new business) and cultural-cognitive dimension (better entrepreneurial skills, less fear of business failure and better knowing of entrepreneurs) increase the probability of being an entrepreneur. Data were obtained from both the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and the International Institute for Management and Development for the year 2008, considering a sample of 30 countries and 36,525 individuals. The study advances the literature by providing new information on the environmental factors that affect entrepreneurial activity in the light of institutional economics. Also, the research could be useful for designing policies to foster entrepreneurship in different environments.
The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of environmental factors on entreprene... more The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of environmental factors on entrepreneurial activity, focusing on Latin America, and using the institutional approach as theoretical framework. Through a panel data model with information from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and Doing Business, we demonstrate that informal institutions, such as political stability, control of corruption and role models are related to the entrepreneurial activity. Likewise, contrary to the expected results, formal institutions, such as procedures and time for starting a new business, and business and entrepreneurial skills, do not have a significant influence on entrepreneurship in Latin American countries.
El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la influencia que tienen las instituciones en la activida... more El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la influencia que tienen las instituciones en la actividad emprendedora, utilizando como marco teorico de referencia la Teoria Economica Institucional. A partir de un modelo de datos de panel y con informacion del Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), se demuestra estadisticamente el impacto que algunas instituciones tienen en la creacion de empresas. Los resultados mas relevantes indican que la formacion en gestion, el control de la corrupcion y los modelos de referencia incrementan las tasas de actividad emprendedora. Asi mismo, la estabilidad politica, el PIB-PPP y el desempleo tienen una relacion negativa con la creacion de empresas. A partir de los resultados de este trabajo puede inferirse que los factores informales tienen un mayor impacto en la actividad emprendedora que los factores formales. Las evidencias encontradas podrian ser muy utiles para el diseno de politicas gubernamentales relativas al fomento de la actividad emprendedora.
Innovar-revista De Ciencias Administrativas Y Sociales, 2013
entrepreneurship literature frequently identifies entrepreneurs as possessing a charismatic perso... more entrepreneurship literature frequently identifies entrepreneurs as possessing a charismatic personality. Charisma is broadly defined as a combination of the talent to foresee market opportunities and the ability to motivate other people in the materialization of these opportunities. Business organizations also provide the context for developing skills and knowledge, which is particularly valuable for potential entrepreneurs who identify business opportunities. Using a sample of 41 countries, we show that higher rates of charismatic leadership at the country level are positively associated with entrepreneurial activity. this outcome suggests that both business-oriented and educational organizations that promote charismatic leadership play a significant role in the development of entrepreneurial incubators.
Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 2013
El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los efectos de la diversidad cultural, medida a partir de... more El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los efectos de la diversidad cultural, medida a partir de la fragmentación étnica, lingüística y religiosa, sobre la actividad emprendedora. A partir de datos de 39 países que hacen parte del proyecto Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) para el año 2008 y utilizando diversas regresiones lineales, se demuestra la importancia de la fragmentación étnica y lingüística sobre la religiosa, como condicionantes del emprendimiento. En cuanto a las implicaciones, el estudio permite por un lado, avanzar en la relación entre instituciones informales como la cultura y el emprendimiento, desde una faceta más novedosa como es la diversidad cultural en el contexto de la teoría institucional. A su vez, las evidencias encontradas podrían facilitar el diseño de políticas y estrategias de fomento a la actividad emprendedora, en el contexto de globalización actual que favorece la movilidad geográfica y por ende, la diversidad cultural.
Cybernetics and Systems, 2015
This research attempts to empirically examine the relationship between leadership styles and inno... more This research attempts to empirically examine the relationship between leadership styles and innovative entrepreneurship through regression analysis, using a sample of 43 countries and data from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness. In light of institutional approaches and specifically based on the normative dimension, the main findings of the study indicate that participative leadership and higher education represent the strongest explanatory factor in the variance of the current rates of innovative entrepreneurship. This study has contributions for both researchers and policymakers on new firm creation (entrepreneurship) and on the generation of innovation within organizations (intrapreneurship).
RESUMEN En el mundo y especialmente en los países subdesarrollados, gran parte de la población vi... more RESUMEN En el mundo y especialmente en los países subdesarrollados, gran parte de la población vive en zonas pobres, aisladas y no interconectadas. Debido a esto, los gobiernos y numerosas ONGs hacen grandes esfuerzos en formular e implementar políticas, planes, programas y proyectos de desarrollo y energización rural, basados en la idea que con energía, las comunidades podrán disfrutar de una mejor calidad de vida, incrementando significativamente las oportunidades de desarrollo para su región. Sin embargo, en su mayoría, dichos proyectos de energización no han sido exitosos. Uno de los principales factores causantes de este problema, se ubica en el momento del planeamiento del proyecto. El no contar con procesos y herramientas formales que apoyen a los decisores tanto en el momento de la toma de sus decisiones, como en el estudio y análisis previo de las mismas, contribuye al fracaso de los proyectos. Se necesitan herramientas que le permitan a los decisores, analizar y/o vislumbr...
International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2013
ABSTRACT The purpose of this chapter is to analyse the main sociocultural factors and their impac... more ABSTRACT The purpose of this chapter is to analyse the main sociocultural factors and their impact on female entrepreneurship in the innovative service sector in Catalonia (Spain) and to establish differences to male initiatives using the institutional approach as a theoretical framework. Based on a comparative case study, the principal findings suggest that social networks, role models, entrepreneurial attitudes and family context are important determinants of female entrepreneurship. Family context is, in particular, a crucial factor, which might have a larger impact on women than men. The research contributes both theoretically, with the creation of knowledge in less researched areas such as female entrepreneurship in Spain, and practically, through the development of sustainable support policies for female entrepreneurial activity.
Small Business Economics, 2014
ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of institutional dimensions (reg... more ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of institutional dimensions (regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive) on the probability of becoming an entrepreneur. The main findings demonstrate, through logistic regression, that a favourable regulative dimension (fewer procedures to start a business), normative dimension (higher media attention for new business) and cultural-cognitive dimension (better entrepreneurial skills, less fear of business failure and better knowing of entrepreneurs) increase the probability of being an entrepreneur. Data were obtained from both the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and the International Institute for Management and Development for the year 2008, considering a sample of 30 countries and 36,525 individuals. The study advances the literature by providing new information on the environmental factors that affect entrepreneurial activity in the light of institutional economics. Also, the research could be useful for designing policies to foster entrepreneurship in different environments.
International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2013
Abstract This study examines the influence of the cultural-cognitive dimension-measured through c... more Abstract This study examines the influence of the cultural-cognitive dimension-measured through creativity, risk taking and independence-on the probability of becoming an entrepreneur or an employee. Institutional economics is used as theoretical framework of the research. The empirical research uses binomial and multinomial probit models, when controlling for socio-demographic factors and macro variables. Data was obtained from the World Values Survey, for the period 2005-2008, considering a sample of 41 countries and ...
Small Business Economics, 2014
ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of institutional dimensions (reg... more ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of institutional dimensions (regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive) on the probability of becoming an entrepreneur. The main findings demonstrate, through logistic regression, that a favourable regulative dimension (fewer procedures to start a business), normative dimension (higher media attention for new business) and cultural-cognitive dimension (better entrepreneurial skills, less fear of business failure and better knowing of entrepreneurs) increase the probability of being an entrepreneur. Data were obtained from both the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and the International Institute for Management and Development for the year 2008, considering a sample of 30 countries and 36,525 individuals. The study advances the literature by providing new information on the environmental factors that affect entrepreneurial activity in the light of institutional economics. Also, the research could be useful for designing policies to foster entrepreneurship in different environments.
The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of environmental factors on entreprene... more The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of environmental factors on entrepreneurial activity, focusing on Latin America, and using the institutional approach as theoretical framework. Through a panel data model with information from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and Doing Business, we demonstrate that informal institutions, such as political stability, control of corruption and role models are related to the entrepreneurial activity. Likewise, contrary to the expected results, formal institutions, such as procedures and time for starting a new business, and business and entrepreneurial skills, do not have a significant influence on entrepreneurship in Latin American countries.