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eruca

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eruca

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/05/27 04:00 UTC 版)

語源

Analyzable as *ēr-ūca, from ēr (“hedgehog”) + a suffix -ūca which is likely by analogy with verrūca (“wart, hillock”), named so for the rugged backs of many caterpillars resembling those of hedgehogs.

An alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer(s)-uk-eh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”) (likely of the same ultimate origin as the above etymology), see also Welsh garw (“rough”), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀 (zaršaiiamna, “ruffling one's feathers”), Sanskrit हर्षते (harṣate, “bristles”).

Latin erūca and its variant urūca denote the plant and the caterpillar. In such cases, usually the animal name is primary and has been extended to the plant (so the rocket can be interpreted as “caterpillar plant”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [eːˈruː.ka]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [eˈruː.ka]

名詞

ērūca f (genitive ērūcae); first declension

1. caterpillar
2. colewort, rocket

語形変化

First-declension noun.

派生した語

• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: eruca (“caterpillar”)
    * → German: Rauke
    * → Greek: ρόκα (róka)
    * ⇒ Italian: ruchetta (“rocket”)
    * → Old French: roquete
    * → Middle English: rokette
    * English: rocket
    * French: roquette
    * → English: roquette
    * ⇒ Italian: rucola (“rocket”)
    * → German: Rucola
    * → Polish: rukola
    * → Portuguese: rúcula
    * → English: rucola
    * → English: arugula
    * → Korean: 루콜라 (rukolla)
• North-Italian:
  • Emilian: ruga
  • Lombard: aruga
  • Piedmontese: rùa, ruva, aruva
  • Emilian: ruga
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Aragonese: ruca
  • Catalan: eruga (“caterpillar”)
  • Gascon: arruca, arraca, auruga
  • Occitan: eruga
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Galician: eiruga
  • Portuguese: eruga
  • Spanish: oruga
• Sardinian: ruga
• Borrowings:
  • → Catalan: ruca (“rocket”)
  • → Italian: ruca (“rocket”)
  • → Portuguese: eruca
  • → Translingual: Eruca
  • → English: eruca

参照

• “eruca”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “eruca”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "eruca", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• eruca in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 194
2. ^ Oxford Dictionary of English, 3rd ed. (2010)
3. ^ “eruca” in: Alberto Nocentini, Alessandro Parenti, “l'Etimologico — Vocabolario della lingua italiana”, Le Monnier, 2010, →ISBN

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Eruca

出典:『Wikipedia』 (2010/11/20 10:57 UTC 版)

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