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意味・対訳 存在に関する、実存(主義的)の

音節ex・is・ten・tial 発音記号・読み方

/ègzɪsténʃəl(米国英語), ˌeˌgzɪˈstenʃʌl(英国英語)/

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existential

音節 ex・is・ten・tial 発音記号・読み方 /ègzɪsténʃəl←/

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existential

音節ex･is･ten･tial発音記号・読み方ègzɪsténʃ(ə)l
形容詞

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existential

形容詞

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existential

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/02/18 01:29 UTC 版)

語源

The adjective is a learned borrowing from Late Latin existentialis, exsistentialis (“coming into or relating to existence”) + English -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives; and forming nouns of verbal action). Existentialis, exsistentialis are derived from Late Latin existentia, exsistentia (“existence”) + Latin -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship); and existentia, exsistentia from Latin existēns, exsistēns (“being, existing; appearing, emerging; becoming”) (the present active participle of existō, exsistō (“to be, exist; to appear, emerge; to become”), from ex- (prefix meaning ‘away; out’) + sistō (“to cause to stand; to place, set; to halt, stop”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”))) + -ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns).

The noun is derived from the adjective.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃl̩/
• (General American, Canada) IPA: /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛn(t)ʃəl/, /ˌɛksɪ-/
• 韻: -ɛnʃəl
• ハイフネーション: ex‧is‧tent‧i‧al

形容詞

existential (comparative more existential, superlative most existential)

1. (chiefly logic, philosophy)
   1. Of or relating to existence.
      Antonym: nonexistential
      • 1818, S[amuel] T[aylor] Coleridge, “Essay II”, in The Friend: A Series of Essays, […] to Aid in the Formation of Fixed Principles in Politics, Morals, and Religion, with Literary Amusements Interspersed. […], new edition, volume III, London: […] [S. Curtis] for Rest Fenner, […], →OCLC, footnote, pages 96–97:
      1. Concerning the very existence of something, especially with regard to evading extinction.
         an existential risk or threat
         * 1977, Joan E. Sieber, “Development of the Concept of Anxiety”, in Joan E. Sieber; Harold F. O’Neil, Jr.; Sigmund Tobias, Anxiety, Learning, and Instruction, New York, N.Y.; Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge, published 2009, →DOI, →ISBN:
         * 2015, J[ames] A. Eaton [_et al._], “Trade-driven Extinctions and Near-extinctions of Avian Taxa in Sundaic Indonesia”, in Forktail: Journal of Asian Ornithology, volume 31, Bedford, Bedfordshire: Oriental Bird Club, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1, column 1:
         * 2021 December 13, Molly Ball, Jeffrey Kluger, Alejandro de la Garza, “Elon Musk: Person of the Year 2021”, in Time‎, New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 13 December 2021:
      2. Of an assertion, etc.: assuming or suggesting the existence of something.
         * 1902, William James, “Lecture I”, in The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature […] , New York, N.Y.; London: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 4:
         In recent books on logic, distinction is made between two orders of inquiry concerning anything. First, what is the nature of it? how did it come about? what is its constitution, origin, and history? And second, What is its importance, meaning, or significance, now that it is once here? The answer to the one question is given in an existential judgment or proposition. The answer to the other is a proposition of value, what the Germans call a Werthurtheil, or what we may, if we like, denominate a spiritual judgment.
   2. Of or relating to existentialism (“a philosophical movement emphasizing the uniqueness of each human existence in freely making its self-defining choices”).
      Antonyms: nonmetaphysical, nonphenomenal, noumenal
      • 1967, Thomas [Louis] Hanna, “Albert Camus: Man in Revolt”, in George Alfred Schrader, Jr., editor, Existential Philosophers: Kierkegaard to Merleau-Ponty, New York, N.Y.; St. Louis, Mo.: McGraw-Hill Book Company, →OCLC, page 356:
2. (linguistics) Relating to part of a clause that indicates existence (for example, there is).

派生語

• existential crisis
• existential instantiation
• existentialism
• existentialist
• existentialistic
• existentialize
• existentially
• existential nihilism
• existential quantifier
• existential risk
• nonexistential
• singular existential statement

名詞

existential (plural existentials)

1. (linguistics) Ellipsis of existential clause (“a clause that indicates the existence of something”).
   • 2014, Tuomas Huumo, Liina Lindström, “Partitives across Constructions: On the Range of Uses of the Finnish and Estonian ‘Partitive Subjects’”, in Silvia Luraghi, Tuomas Huumo, editors, Partitive Cases and Related Categories (Empirical Approaches to Language Typology), Berlin; Boston, Mass.: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, →ISSN, part II (Uralic Languages), abstract, page 153:
2. (programming) Ellipsis of existential type (“in a type system: a type that hides the underlying concrete type(s)”).
   Coordinate term: generic

参照

1. ^ “existential, adj.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, September 2025; “existential, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

Further reading

• existential clause on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• existentialism on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Raymond Williams (1983), “Existential”, in Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society, revised American edition, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, published 1985, →ISBN, page 123.
• Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “existential”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

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「Existential」を含む例文一覧

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