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parco

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/04/07 22:57 UTC 版)

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈpar.koː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈpar.ko]

語源 1

Disputed. According to De Vaan, from Proto-Italic *pe-arkō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off”) + *h₂erk- (“to hold, guard”) (whence arceō). The linguist Michael Weiss suggests that the Proto-Indo-European compound *pe-h₂erk- became *pe-h₂ark-, then *peh₂ark-, whence *pah₂ark-, which became *pārk-, and then *park- via Osthoff's law. Weiss suggests that the pre-form *pe-h₂erk- may also be continued by Hittite 𒁉𒂊𒄯𒍣 (pé-e-ḫar-zi) The LIV, however, derives the term from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥k-é-ti, itself from the putative root *perk-. De Vaan rejects this theory, arguing that it is semantically unconvincing.

Others make it cognate with Ancient Greek σπαρνός (sparnós, “rare”), English spare.(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

See also parcus.

動詞

parcō (present infinitive parcere, perfect active pepercī or parsī, supine parsum); third conjugation

1. (+ dative or accusative) to spare, save up, economise
   Synonym: reservo
2. (figuratively, + dative) to forgive someone, have mercy for, to be lenient to
   Synonyms: ignōscō, āmittō, remittō, dōnō, dīmittō, perdōnō, condōnō
3. to let alone, omit
   Synonyms: praetereō, omittō, permittō, āmittō, remittō, neglegō
4. (+ dative or a/ab + ablative) to refrain, abstain, avoid
   Synonyms: ēvādō, ēlūdō, vītō, ēvītō, dētrectō, refugiō, exeō, āversor, abstineō, dēclīnō, fugiō
   Antonyms: dēstinō, intendō, tendō, petō, quaerō, affectō, studeō, spectō, circumspiciō

派生語

• comparcō
• compercō
• compescō
• dispescō
• parcimōnia
• parsimōnia

参照

1. ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 445
2. ^ Weiss, Michael (1993) Studies in Italic Nominal Morphology (PhD thesis)‎, Cornell University, page 50
3. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*perk-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 476

• parco in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2026), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• “parco”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “parco”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “parco”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to spare no pains: labori, operae non parcere
  • to incur few expenses: sumptui parcere (Fam. 16. 4)
• Walde, Alois; Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1954), “parco”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 256
• Ernout, Alfred; Meillet, Antoine (1985), “parcō”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots‎ (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 482

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