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動詞
| 印欧語根 | |
|---|---|
| bassus | 低いことを表す｡ |
| 接頭辞 | |
|---|---|
| ad- | （a-,ac-,af-,ag-,al-,ap-,as-,at-）1.「…に向かって」「…へ」の意。移動・方向・変化などを表す。（c,f,g,k,l,p,q,s,tの前でac-,af-,ag-,ac-,al-,ap-,ac-,as-に置き換わる。） 2.…の近くで |
| 接尾辞 | |
|---|---|
| -ase | 『生化学』酵素(anzymes)を表す名詞を造る |
| 途中遷移語 | ||
|---|---|---|
| ab(h)ominate | 中英語 | 1303年頃に初出 |
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Weblio英和対訳辞書はプログラムで機械的に意味や英語表現を生成しているため、不適切な項目が含まれていることもあります。ご了承くださいませ。
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出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/01/19 22:03 UTC 版)
語源
From Late 中期英語 abaishen, abashen, abaisse, abassen, abesse, abessen (“to be upset; to embarrass; to surprise; to confound; to bend down, stoop; to abase, degrade, disgrace”), from Middle French abaisser, from Old French abaissier, abessier (“to prostrate oneself; to lower, reduce”) (also compare Old French esbahir (“to amaze”), Vulgar Latin abbassiāre (“to lower”)), from a- (prefix indicating movement towards something) (from Latin ad (“toward, to”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“at, to”)) + baissier (“to lower”) (from Medieval Latin bassus (“short of stature, low; base”), possibly from Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (bắsĭs, “foot; base, foundation”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”)). The spelling of the English word has been influenced by base, thus ostensibly analyzable as a- (“towards”) + base. There exist verb cognates in galloromance languages such as Catalan abaixar (“lower; abase”) and Occitan abaissar, and similar word construction in other romance languages as Spanish abajo (“down, downstairs; below”).
発音
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /əˈbeɪs/
- 韻: -eɪs
- Homophone: abaisse
動詞
abase (third-person singular simple present abases, present participle abasing, simple past and past participle abased)
- (transitive) To lower, as in condition in life, office, rank, etc., so as to cause pain or hurt feelings; to degrade, to depress, to humble, to humiliate. [from c. 1350–1470]
Synonyms: degrade, demean, depress, discredit, disgrace, dishonor, humble, humiliate, sink; see also Thesaurus:demean
Antonyms: aggrandise, dignify, elevate, exalt, extol, honor, promote, raise, uplift; see also Thesaurus:aggrandize- 1657, John Ball, “By Faith a True Believer may be Certain and Infallibly Assured of the Remission of His Sins and Eternal Salvation”, in A Treatise of Faith: Divided into Two Parts: The First Shewing the Nature, the Second, the Life of Faith. […], 3rd corrected and enlarged edition, London: Printed for Edward Brewster, […], →OCLC, page 106:
Our adverſaries object againe, that by praying that Chriſts merits may be made ours in particular, we greatly abaſe them. As though the Prophet David did abaſe God in making him his in particular, ſaying, the Lord is my rock, my fortreſſe, my God, and my ſtrength, my ſhield, the horne of my ſalvation, and my refuge: […] - 1868 December, T. W., “Lao-Tzu. 老子: A Study in Chinese Philosophy.”, in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, volume I, number 8, Foochow: Printed by Rozario, Marçal & Co., →OCLC, chapter VI (Politics), page 158, column 2:
- 1657, John Ball, “By Faith a True Believer may be Certain and Infallibly Assured of the Remission of His Sins and Eternal Salvation”, in A Treatise of Faith: Divided into Two Parts: The First Shewing the Nature, the Second, the Life of Faith. […], 3rd corrected and enlarged edition, London: Printed for Edward Brewster, […], →OCLC, page 106:
- (transitive, archaic) To lower physically; to depress; to cast or throw down; to stoop. [from c. 1350–1470]
Synonyms: bring down, lower, reduce; see also Thesaurus:diminish- 1612–1620, [Miguel de Cervantes], “Of that which Befell to Our Knight, after He had Departed from the Inne”, in Thomas Shelton, transl., The History of the Valorous and Wittie Knight-errant Don-Quixote of the Mancha. […], London: […] William Stansby, for Ed[ward] Blount and W. Barret, →OCLC, part 1, page 30:
- (transitive, obsolete) To lower in value, in particular by altering the content of alloys in coins; to debase. [from mid 16th – mid 18th c.]
Synonyms: adulterate, debauch, degrade, devalue, downgrade; see also Thesaurus:adulterate, Thesaurus:debase- 1629 February 12, John Donne, “Sermon CXXXVI. A Lent Sermon Preached to the King, at Whitehall, February 12, 1629”, in Henry Alford, editor, The Works of John Donne, D.D., Dean of St. Paul’s, 1621–1631. […] In Six Volumes, volume V, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 450:
Though in the nature thereof, that with which a purer metal is mixed, be not base; yet, it abases the purer metal. […] [T]hough silver be a precious metal, yet it abases gold. Grace, and peace, and faith, are precious parts of our treasure here; yet, if we mingle them, that is, compare them with the joys, and glory of heaven; […] we abase, and over-alloy these joys, and that glory. - 1840, Rogers Ruding, “Elizabeth”, in Annals of the Coinage of Great Britain and Its Dependencies; from the Earliest Period of Authentic History to the Reign of Victoria, 3rd corrected and enlarged edition, London: Printed for John Hearne, […], by Manning and Mason, […], →OCLC, page 341:
- 1629 February 12, John Donne, “Sermon CXXXVI. A Lent Sermon Preached to the King, at Whitehall, February 12, 1629”, in Henry Alford, editor, The Works of John Donne, D.D., Dean of St. Paul’s, 1621–1631. […] In Six Volumes, volume V, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 450:
参照
- ^ “abaishen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 28 May 2018.
- ^ Elliott K. Dobbie, C. William Dunmore, Robert K. Barnhart, et al. (editors), Chambers Dictionary of Etymology (Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2004 [1998], →ISBN), page 2
- ↑ Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “abase”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford; New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 2.
- ^ “abase”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
Further reading
abase (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia- William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “abase”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
- “abase”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
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