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dreich

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/03/31 19:33 UTC 版)

語源

The adjective is borrowed from Scots dreich (“hard to bear, dreary, tedious, wearisome; interminable, long-winded; dull, uninteresting; slow, tardy; doleful, gloomy; baffling, difficult; difficult to reach, inaccessible”), from 中期英語 dregh, dri, drie (“burdensome; depressing, dismal; large, tall; lasting, long; long-suffering, patient; tedious; of blows: hard, heavy; of the face: unchanging, unmoved; of a person: strong, valorous”) [and other forms], from 古期英語 *drēog, drēoh (“earnest; fit; sober”), and then probably partly:

• shortened from 古期英語 ġedrēog (“calm, quiet; sober; fit, suitable”, adjective), from ġe- (prefix forming adjectives of association or similarity) + Proto-Germanic *dreugaz (“enduring, lasting”) (from *dreuganą (“to serve, be a retainer”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to serve one’s tribe; loyal”)); and
• influenced by Old Norse drjúgr (“sufficient; excessive, very; great; strong”), from Proto-Germanic *dreugaz (see above).

The noun is probably partly derived:

• from the adjective; and
• borrowed from Scots dreich (“dreariness, gloom”) (rare), probably from 中期英語 dri, drie (“annoyance, trouble; grief; period of time”) [and other forms], possibly from dri, drie (adjective) (see above).

(Compare 古期英語 ġedrēog (“seemliness; seriousness, sobriety; something appropriate or required”, noun), which did not survive into 中期英語.)

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /dɹiːk/, /dɹiːx/
• (General American) IPA: /dɹik/
• (Scotland) IPA: /drix/
• (Ireland) IPA: /ðreː/, /driːx/
• 韻: -iːk, -iːx

形容詞

dreich (comparative dreicher, superlative dreichest) (Northern England, North Midlands, Northern Ireland, Scotland)

1. Extending for a long distance or time, especially when tedious or wearisome; long-drawn-out, protracted; also, of speech or writing: unnecessarily verbose; long-winded.
   (long-winded): Synonyms: see Thesaurus:verbose
   (long-winded): Antonyms: see Thesaurus:concise
   • 1932, Lewis Grassic Gibbon [pseudonym; James Leslie Mitchell], “Epilude: The Unfurrowed Field”, in Ian Campbell, editor, Sunset Song: A Novel (A Scots Quair; 1), Edinburgh: Polygon, Birlinn, published 2006, →ISBN, page 234:
2. Not enjoyable or interesting; boring, dull.
   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:boring
   Antonyms: see Thesaurus:exciting
   • 1786, Robert Burns, “The Auld Farmer’s New-year Morning Salutation to His Auld Mare, Maggie, on Giving Her the Accustomed Ripp of Corn to Hansel in the New-year”, in Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect. […], 2nd edition, volume I, Edinburgh: […] T[homas] Cadell, […], and William Creech, […], published 1793, →OCLC, page 198:
3. Bleak, cheerless, dismal, dreary, miserable.
   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:cheerless
   • 1932, Lewis Grassic Gibbon [pseudonym; James Leslie Mitchell], “Epilude: The Unfurrowed Field”, in Ian Campbell, editor, Sunset Song: A Novel (A Scots Quair; 1), Edinburgh: Polygon, Birlinn, published 2006, →ISBN, page 235:
4. suitably serious or solemn
5. of a person: patient, stoic, tolerant, resolute
6. Slow, sluggish; specifically, of a person: tending to delay or procrastinate (especially when paying for something).
   Synonyms: dilatory, tardy; see also Thesaurus:slow
   Antonyms: see Thesaurus:speedy
7. Of a person: having a dejected or serious appearance or mood; dour, gloomy, moody, morose, sullen.
   • 1819, Jedediah Cleishbotham [pseudonym; Walter Scott], chapter VIII, in Tales of My Landlord, Third Series. […], volume III (The Bride of Lammermoor), Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 114:
8. Of a task: laborious, tedious, troublesome; hence, needing concentration to understand; intricate.
   Synonyms: burdensome, taxing, toilsome
9. Chiefly of rain: without pause or stop; continuous, incessant.
   Synonyms: persistent, sustained, unceasing, unending, unremitting; see also Thesaurus:continuous
   • a. 1931 (date written), D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, “A Hay Hut among the Mountains”, in Warren Roberts, Harry T. Moore, editors, Phoenix II: Uncollected, Unpublished, and Other Prose Works by D. H. Lawrence […], Viking Compass edition, New York, N.Y.: Viking Press, published 1970, →ISBN, part I (Stories and Sketches), page 43:
10. Of weather: dreary, gloomy (cold, overcast, rainy, etc.).
11. (obsolete)
12. Of a person: negotiating forcefully; driving a hard bargain.
13. Of a place (especially a hill or mountain): difficult to get through or reach; inaccessible.

名詞

dreich (countable and uncountable, plural dreiches)

1. (countable, Northern England, North Midlands) A tedious or troublesome task; also, the most tedious or troublesome part of a task.
2. (uncountable, Scotland) Bleakness, gloom; specifically, gloomy (cold, overcast, rainy, etc.) weather.

参照

1. ↑ “dreich, adj.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, reproduced from W[illiam] Grant and D[avid] D. Murison, editors, The Scottish National Dictionary, Edinburgh: Scottish National Dictionary Association, 1931–1976, →OCLC.
2. ^ “drī(e, adj.(2)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
3. ^ “dreich, adj.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, September 2023; “dreich, adj.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
4. ↑ “dreich, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023.
5. ^ “drī(e, n.(2)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Further reading

• Joseph Wright, editor (1900), “DREE, _adj._”, in The English Dialect Dictionary: […], volume II (D–G), London: Henry Frowde, […], publisher to the English Dialect Society, […]; New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC, pages 166–167.

アナグラム

• chider, herdic, riched

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