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falx

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Falx/ falciform

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falx

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falx

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/10/17 16:27 UTC 版)

発音

• IPA: /fælks/, /fɔlks/
• 韻: -ælks, -ɔlks

名詞

falx (plural falxes or falces)

1. (historical) A short Dacian sword resembling a sickle.
2. Any sickle-shaped part or process.
   1. (anatomy) A curved fold or process of the dura mater or the peritoneum, especially one of the partition-like folds of the dura mater which extend into the great fissures of the brain.
   2. (anatomy, dated) A chelicera.
   3. (anatomy) A snake's poison fang.
   4. (anatomy) A rotula of a sea urchin.

派生語

• falcate
• falcial
• falcoid
• falx cerebelli
• falx cerebri

語源

Usually derived from Proto-Indo-European *dʰelg- (“to sting; needle”), whence also Proto-Celtic *delgos (“needle; pin”), Proto-Germanic *dalkaz (“pin, brooch; dagger”), Lithuanian dilgùs (“stinging, burning”), dilgėlė̃, di̇̀lgė f (“nettle”), di̇̀lgti, di̇̀lgstu (“to be stung by nettles”), dal̃gis (“scythe”). Both the -a- and the -c- are unexpected, however, which might suggest a borrowing from a neighbouring Indo-European language of Italy.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈfaɫks]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈfalks]

名詞

falx f (genitive falcis); third declension

1. sickle, scythe
2. (military) a hook used to pull down walls

語形変化

Third-declension noun (i-stem).

派生語

• defalco
• falcastrum
• falcātus
• falcīcula
• falcifer

派生した語

• Aragonese: falz
• Aromanian: falcã, falche
• Old Leonese: foce, fouce
  • Asturian: foz, fouz, foiz, ḥoce, ḥoz
  • Leonese: fouz
  • Mirandese: fouce
• Catalan: falç
• Emilian: fèlz
• → English: falx
• Fala: foici
• Franco-Provençal: folx
• Friulian: fals
• Italian: falce
• Ladin: fauc
• Lombard: falc, folcc
• Neapolitan: falcè
• Old French: fauz
  • French: faux
    * Karipúna Creole French: fos
  • Picard: feuque
  • Walloon: foque (obsolete)
• Old Occitan: fals
  • Occitan: falç, fauç, haus, fâ
• Old Galician-Portuguese: fouce
  • Fala: foici, fueici
  • Galician: fouce
  • Portuguese: foice, fouce (dated or dialectal)
• Romanian: falcă, falce
• Romansch: faulsch
• Sardinian: falche, falle, farche, farci, frache, fraci
• Sicilian: fauci
• Spanish: hoz
• Venetan: falẑ
• >? Vulgar Latin: falcina
  • → Albanian: felqinë

参照

1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “dhelg-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 247
2. ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “falx, -cis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 200

Further reading

• “falx”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “falx”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "falx", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “falx”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “falx”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “falx”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “falx”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 3: D–F, page 404
• Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911), “falx”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 239

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