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forhold

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/09/15 01:34 UTC 版)

語源

From 中期英語 forholden (“to withhold; to keep (a corpse) unburied”) [and other forms], from 古期英語 forhealdan (“to keep or hold back (something), withhold; to hold away; to disregard, neglect; to hold wrongly, not to keep in good condition”), from for- (prefix meaning ‘away from; wrongly’) + healdan (“to grasp, hold fast; to possess”) (from Proto-West Germanic *haldan (“to hold; to keep”), from Proto-Germanic *haldaną (“to hold; to keep”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover; to conceal, hide”)). The English word is analysable as for- +‎ hold, and is cognate with Danish forholde (“to relate”), Dutch verhouden (“to relate”), Low German vorholden (“to detain”), German verhalten (“to control, restrain”), Norwegian forholde (“to deal”).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /fɔːˈhəʊld/, /fə-/
• (General American) IPA: /fɔɹˈhoʊld/, /fɚ-/
• 韻: -əʊld
• Homophone: forehold
• ハイフネーション: for‧hold

動詞

forhold (third-person singular simple present forholds, present participle forholding, simple past forheld, past participle forheld or forholden)

1. (transitive, archaic, rare) To detain, hold back, or hold up (someone or something); also, to retain or withhold (something).
   • [c. 1425, Giraldus Cambrensis [i.e., Gerald of Wales], “Chapter XLIV [MS. Trinity College, Dublin, E. 2. 31]”, in Frederick J[ames] Furnivall, editor, The English Conquest of Ireland. A.D. 1166–1185. Mainly from the ‘Expugnatio Hibernica’ of Giraldus Cambrensis. […] (in Middle English), London: Publisht for the Early English Text Society, by Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., […], published 1896, →OCLC, page 108:
   • 1624 May 11, “[Will Register for 1625] ROGER PAYNE of Easton, yeo. 1 May 1624 [Julian calendar]”, in Marion E. Allen, editor, Wills of the Archdeaconry of Suffolk 1625–1626 (Suffolk Records Society Series; XXXVII), Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Press, Boydell & Brewer, published 1995, →ISBN, paragraph 139, page 72:
   • 1682, Tho[mas] Comber, “Of the English Laws for Tithes”, in An Historical Vindication of the Divine Right of Tithes, from Scripture, Reason, and the Opinion and Practice of Jews, Gentiles, and Christians in All Ages. […], London: […] S. Roycroft, for Robert Clavel […], →OCLC, §. IV and V, page 171:
   • 1911 June 24, Justice Pearce, Maryland Court of Appeals, State v. Potomac Valley Coal Co., 116 Md. 380, page 400:
     When the subject of contract is lawful, not public in its character, and the exercise of it is purely private and personal to the parties it can not be for holden or limited by the Legislature.
     According to the judgment the passage is a quotation from State v. Goodwill, 33 W. Va. 188 (1889), but the passage does not appear in the latter case.

使用する際の注意点

• Not to be confused with forehold (“to hold or believe (something) beforehand; to assume; to anticipate, to predict”).

参照

1. ^ “forhōlden, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
2. ^ “† forhold, v.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, June 2019.

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