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fulgur

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/11/15 03:06 UTC 版)

語源

From Proto-Italic *folgos, from the same root as fulgeō (“flash, lighten”). The expected declension according to regular sound changes would be *fulgus / fulgeris. The nominative fulgus is in fact given by Festus as an alternative form. The oblique stem fulger- is attested in Lucretius ("quasi protelo stimulatur fulgere fulgur"), and also in inscriptions in the spelling of derived words such as fulgerātor. Some Romance descendants also derive from a stem fulger- (although they could alternatively descend from fulgere, the infinitive of the verb fulgō).

The usual nominative/accusative/vocative singular form, fulgur, shows replacement of -s with -r, presumably by analogy to the oblique stem. This analogical change is not usual in neuter third-declension nouns, but rōbur n (“oak”), iubar n (“splendor; brightness”) and sulphur n (“brimstone; lightning”) are other possible examples. The usual oblique stem fulgur- shows replacement of expected -er- or -or- with -ur-. Kent 1932 and Parker 1986 suggest that -o- was raised to -u- by assimilation to the vowel in the first syllable in this word, and also in sulphur (though ulcus shows regular ulcer-). Compare also (non-neuter) augur.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈfʊɫ.ɡʊr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈful.ɡur]

名詞

fulgur n (genitive fulguris); third declension

1. lightning, a flash of lightning
   Synonyms: fulgor, fulgetrum, fulgurātiō, fulmen
2. thunderbolt
   Synonyms: fulmen, ictus
3. brightness, splendor
   Synonym: fulgor

語形変化

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

派生語

• fulgurālis
• fulgurātiō
• fulgurō

関連する語

• fulgeō
• fulgetrum
• fulgor
• fulmen

派生した語

• Aromanian: sfulgu n
• Friulian: folc m
• Italian: folgore f
• → Sicilian: fùrguri
• From fulger-:
  • Aromanian: sfuldzir n
  • Catalan: foldre (ant.)
  • Franco-Provençal: fudra
  • French: foudre f or m
  • Occitan: fólzer
  • Romanian: fulger n

参照

1. ^ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “fulgur”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 3: D–F, pages 841–842
2. ↑ Kent, Roland G. (1932), “The Sounds of Latin. A Descriptive and Historical Phonology”, in Language, volume 8, number 3, →JSTOR, page 101
3. ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 306
4. ^ Parker, Holt Neumon (1986), The relative chronology of some major Latin sound changes, page 265

Further reading

• “fulgur”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “fulgur”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “fulgur”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 247

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