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hibernum

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/01/27 18:04 UTC 版)

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [hiːˈbɛr.nũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [iˈbɛr.num]

名詞

hībernum n (genitive hībernī); second declension (Late Latin)

1. winter
   Synonym: hiems

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

関連する語

• hīberna
• hībernāculum
• hībernālis
• hībernō

派生した語

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: earnã
  • Romanian: iarnă
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: verno (archaic)
  • Neapolitan: vierno
  • Sicilian: vernu, viernu
• North Italian:
  • Old Ligurian: iverno, uverno
  • Romansch: /iˈviə̯rn/
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: hivern
  • Franco-Provençal: hivèrn
  • Old French: iver
    * Middle French: hyver, yver
    * French: hiver
    * Norman: hivé
    * Walloon: ivier
  • Old Occitan: ivern
    * Occitan: ivèrn
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: hibierno
  • Old Leonese:
    * Asturian: iviernu
    * Leonese: hibiernu
    * Extremaduran: iviernu
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: iverno
    * Galician: iverno
  • Old Spanish: ivierno
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian:
    * Campidanese: ierru
    * Logudorese: jerru, ierru
    * Nuorese: iberru, ivverru

Descendants with an added nasal in the first syllable, perhaps via parallelism with īnfernus (“hell”):

• Dalmatian:
  • inviarno
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: inverno
  • Sassarese: inverru
  • Sicilian: mmernu, invernu, mmiernu, nvernu, nvèrnu
• North Italian:
  • Emilian: invêren, imvèran
  • Friulian: unviêr
  • Piedmontese: invern, amvern
  • Romansch: enviern, umviarn
  • Venetan: inverno
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Old Catalan: invern
  • Franco-Provençal: /œ̃vɛr/ (Pays-d'Enhaut), /invɛr/ (Valprato Soana)
  • Lorrain: invié, enviè
  • Old Occitan: invern
    * Vivaro-Alpine: umvèrn (Pietraporzio)
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Leonese:
    * Asturian: enviernu, inviernu (Eastern)
    * Mirandese: ambierno
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: inverno
    * Fala: invernu, invelnu, envernu
    * Galician: inverno
    * Portuguese: inverno
  • Old Spanish: invierno
    * Spanish: invierno

参照

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “hībĕrnus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 4: G H I, page 421

1. ^ Adams, James Noel. 1976. The text and language of a Vulgar Latin chronicle (Anonymous Valesianus II). London: Institute of Classical Studies. Page 83.
2. ^ “invern” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Further reading

• “hibernum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) in spring, summer, autumn, winter time: verno, aestivo, auctumnali, hiberno tempore
  • (ambiguous) winter-quarters, summer-quarters: castra hiberna, aestiva
  • (ambiguous) to take the troops to their winter-quarters: milites in hibernis collocare, in hiberna deducere

語源 2

形容詞

hībernum

1. inflection of hībernus:
   1. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular
   2. accusative masculine singular

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