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Grammar review · Possessive adjectives · Les adjectifs possessifs
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| First person | Second person | Third person | |||||||
| Singular | mon (m)ma (f)mes |  /mɔ̃/ (help·info) /ma/ (help·info) /me/ (help·info) |
my | ton (m)ta (f)tes | /tɔ̃/ (help·info) /ta/ (help·info) /te/ (help·info) |
your (tu form) | son (m)sa (f)ses | /sɔ̃/ (help·info) /sa/ (help·info) /sɛ/ (help·info) |
hisherits |
| Plural | notrenos | /nɔtʁ/ (help·info) /no/ (help·info) |
our | votrevos | /vɔtʁ/ (help·info) /vo/ (help·info) |
your (vous form) | leurleurs | /lœʁ/ (help·info) /lœʁ/ (help·info) |
their |
Possessive adjectives are used to express possession of an object:
C'est mon passeport.It's my passport.
In English the possessive adjective agrees with the subject (his sister, her brother). But in French, possessive adjectives act like all other adjectives: they must agree with the noun they modify.
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| Masculine nounle frère | Feminine nounla sœur | ||
| le frère de MarcMarc's brother | son frèrehis brother | la sœur de MarcMarc's sister | sa sœurhis sister |
| les frères de MarcMarc's brothers | ses frèreshis brothers | les sœurs de MarcMarc's sisters | ses sœurshis sisters |
| le frère de MarieMarie's brother | son frèreher brother | la sœur de MarieMarie's sister | sa sœurher sister |
| les frères de MarieMarie's brothers | ses frèresher brothers | les sœurs de MarieMarie's sisters | ses sœursher sisters |
Whether son, sa and ses translate to his or her is indicated by context:
Oui, elle a son billet.Yes, she has her ticket.
Notre, votre, and leur modify singular nouns, regardless of gender; nos, vos, and leurs modify plural nouns:
le chalet (m) : C'est notre chalet.It's our chalet.
la caravane: C'est notre caravane.It's our caravan.
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| Ton auberge de jeunesse est bruyante. | Your youth hostel is noisy. | auberge is feminine, but begins with a vowel |
| J’ai son billet. | I have his/her ticket. | le billet is masculine |
| Elle est la femme de mon ami. | She's my friend's wife. | l'ami is maculine |
Monuments, visited, travelled, eated...
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The second category of regular French verbs is -ir verbs.
To conjugate, drop the -ir to find the stem or root. Add endings to the root based on the subject and tense.
finirto finish /finiʁ/
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| Pronoun | Ending | Verb | Pronunciation |
| je | -is | finis | /fi.ni/ (help·info) |
| tu | -is | finis | /fi.ni/ (help·info) |
| il/elle | -it | finit | /fi.ni/ (help·info) |
| nous | -issons | finissons | /fi.ni.sɔ̃/ (help·info) |
| vous | -issez | finissez | /fi.ni.se/ (help·info) |
| ils/elles | -issent | finissent | /fi.nis/ (help·info) |
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| l'aéroport (m) | /a.e.ʁɔ.pɔʁ/ (help·info) | airport | | |
| le billet | /bi.jɛ/ (help·info) | ticket | for train, airplane | |
| la poste | /pɔst/ (help·info) | post office | | |
| la station | /sta.sjɔ̃/ (help·info) | station | | |
| le métro | /met.ʁɔ/ (help·info) | subway, underground | | |
| les bagages | /ba.ɡaʒ/ (help·info) | baggage | | |
| le ticket | /ti.kɛ/ (help·info) | ticket | for bus, métro | |
| la valise | /va.liz/ (help·info) | suitcase | | |
| Vehicles | | | | |
| l'auto (f) | /o.to/ (help·info) | car | | |
| l'avion (m) | /a.vjɔ̃/ (help·info) | airplane | | |
| l'autobus (m) | /o.to.bys/ (help·info) | bus | | |
| le bateau | /bato/ (help·info) | boat | | |
| le train | /tʁɛ̃/ (help·info) | train | | |
| le taxi | /tak.si/ (help·info) | taxi | | |
| la voiture | /vwa.tyʁ/ (help·info) | car | | |
| Hotels | | | | |
| la chambre | /ʃɑ̃bʁ/ (help·info) | room | | |
| la chambre de libre | free room | | | |
Prendre is an irregular -re verb, and is conjugated differently. nous, vous and ils don't have the letter 'd' which you would otherwise expect in a normal -re verb. In ils the n is also doubled up.
prendre   /pʁɑ̃dʁ/ (prah(n)dr) |
to take |
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| je prends /pʁɑ̃/ (prah(n)) | I take |
| tu prends /pʁɑ̃/ (prah(n)) | you take |
| il prend /pʁɑ̃/ (prah(n)) |
he takes |
| nous prenons /pʁə.nɔ̃/ (pruh-noh(n)) |
we take |
| vous prenez /pʁǝ.ne/ (pruh-nay) |
you take |
| ils prennent /pʁɛn/ (prehn) |
they take |
| pris /pʁi/ | taken |
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| Prends ma main. | Take my hand. |
| Ils ont pris mon chien. | They took my dog. |
| Nous prenons, c'est tout. | We take, that's all. |
| Je prends ce que je veux. | I take what I want. |
| Qu'allez vous prendre? | What are you going to take? |
| Il a pris une bouteille d'eau. | He took a bottle of water. |
| Tu prends quoi? | What are you taking? |
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| prendre | /pʁɑ̃.dʁə/ (help·info) |
to have something to eat, to buy | |
| prendre en compte | to take into account | ||
| prendre fin | to come to an end | ||
| prendre conscience (de) | to become aware (of) | ||
| prendre position | to make a stand (of) | ||
| prendre des mesures | to take steps (to initiate a course of action) | ||
| prendre des kilos | to gain weight | ||
| prendre part (à) | to take part (in) | prendre part au vote | take part in the vote |
| prendre la parole | to start talking | ||
| prendre le pas sur | to surpass | ||
| prendre rendez-vous | to make an appointment | ||
| prendre un verre | to have a drink | On va prendre un verre en ville. | We’re going to have a drink in town. |
| prendre un café | to have a coffee |
Sometimes when you go out, you may get lost, or come across someone who is lost. This should help you ask for and give directions.
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| Pardonnez-moi/Excusez-moi,mademoiselle/madame/monsieur. | Excuse me, Miss/Mrs/Mr. | |
| Je suis perdu. | I am lost. | |
| Je cherche… | I'm looking for… | |
| la poste | /pɔst/ (help·info) |
the post office |
| la gare | /ɡaʁ/ (help·info) |
the train station |
| le supermarché | /sy.pɛʁ.maʁ.ʃe/ (help·info) |
the supermarket |
| le stade | /stad/ (help·info) |
the football stadium |
| le camping | /kɑ̃.piɳ/ (help·info) |
the camping grounds |
| la plage | /plaːɡə/ (help·info) |
the beach |
| le parc | /paʁk/ (help·info) |
the park |
| Vous prenez… | You take… | |
| la première rue | the first street | |
| à gauche | Fr-à gauche.ogg (help·info) |
to the left |
| à droite | to the right | |
| tout droit | straight ahead | |
| Merci beaucoup! | Thanks so much! | |
| De rien. | /də ʁjɛ̃/ (help·info) |
You're welcome / No worries. |
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