Instant payment (original) (raw)

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Method of exchanging money and processing payments

Instant payment (sometimes referred to as real-time payment or faster payment) is a method of electronic funds transfer, allowing for almost immediate transfer of money between bank accounts. This was in contrast to the previous transfer times of one to three business days that had been in place until the mid-2010s.[1]

Since the mid-2010s many countries have implemented instant payment systems that speed up the transfer between bank accounts in response to customer demand for faster transactions.[1]

The Euro Retail Payments Board (ERPB) in 2018 defined instant payments as:

Electronic retail payment solutions available 24/7/365 and resulting in the immediate or close-to-immediate interbank clearing of the transaction and crediting of the payee’s account with confirmation to the payer (within seconds of payment initiation).[2]

Originally clearing of payments was based on the cheque clearing cycle that required physical cheques to be exchanged by banks at clearing houses for payments to be made between bank accounts. When electronic payments entered the banking systems from the 1970s onwards, the same timeframes and processes were used to settle these electronic payments.

The growth of e-commerce since the 2000s has caused a change in people's spending patterns and expectations. Shopping is no longer confined to regular business hours, creating new challenges for funds transfers.[3]Similarly, merchants require faster and more reliable money transfer systems to keep up with consumers' demands.[4]

Traditional electronic payments like bank transfers, that perform the electronic funds transfers within a few business days, are not in line with user expectations.[5][6]

Notable instant payment systems by country

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Name	Country	Launched	Payment Sources	Identifiers	Notable Features	Transaction Volume per year (in billions)
New Payments Platform (NPP)	Australia	2018	Bank Account	PayID (Phone number, email or Australian Business Number)	Recurring Payments	1.2 (2022)[7]
Pix	Brazil	2020[8]	Bank Account[9]	QR CodeEmailMobile NumberPix Key/Alias[10]	Get change as cash at merchants (Pix Troco)[11] Cash withdrawal (Pix Saque).[12]	42 (2023)[13]
Internet Banking Payment System (IBPS)	China	2010	Bank Accounte-wallet[14]	QR CodeMobile Number[14]	Recurring Payments[14]	16.98 (2023)[15]
MobilePay	Denmark	2013	Bank Account	Mobile Number	Common app for users of all banks, ability to chat.	-
TARGET Instant Payment Settlement (TIPS)	EU	2018[16]	IBAN			0.23 (2023)[17]
Instant Payment Network (Instapay)	Egypt	2022[18]	Bank Account, Meeza Prepaid Card	Instant Payment Address (IPA)Mobile Number Card Number Bank Account Number IBAN QR Code URL	Unified app for inter-bank transfersSend money requests	0.02 (2023)[19]
MobilePay	Finland	2013	Bank Account[20]	Mobile Number[20]	Common app for users of all banks, ability to chat.[20]	-
Faster Payment System (FPS)	Hong Kong	2018	e-wallet, Bank Account[21]	QR CodeMobile Number[21]	Supports both Hong Kong Dollar & Chinese Yuan Renminbi	0.531 (2023)[22]
GIRO Zrt	Hungary	2020	Bank Account[23]	Bank Account NumberMobile NumberEmailTax Number		-
Unified Payments Interface (UPI)	India	2016	Bank AccountPrepaid WalletCredit CardCredit LineCBDC Stored Value[24]	QR CodeNFCUPI IDMobile NumberSound Pattern[25][26] Bank Account Number with IFSC	Recurring Payments (UPI AutoPay)Foreign Inward RemittancePayments without Internet/Network (UPI Lite X)Feature phone compatibility[27] UPI OneWorld (for tourists)ATM WithdrawalInternational Payments[28]	117.6 (2023)[29][30]
Immediate Payment Service (IMPS)	India	2010[31]	Bank Account[31]	Mobile Money Identifier (MMID)[31] Bank Account Number with IFSC.[31]	Foreign Inward Remittance (FIR)[32]	5.8 (2023)[33]
ZENGIN	Japan	1973	Bank Account[34]	Account Number[34]	Inward Remittance[35]	3 (2023)[35]
CliQ	Jordan	2020	Bank Account[36]	IBANAccount number Alias		0.03 (2023)[37]
Raast	Pakistan	2019	Bank Account	IBANMobile Number[38]		0.16 (2023)
InstaPay	Philippines	2018	Bank Accounte-wallet[39]	QR CodeAccount Number and Recipient's Bank Name Mobile Number Email ID[39]		0.74 (2023)[40]
PESONet	Philippines	2017	Bank Accounte-wallet[41]	Account Number and Recipient's Bank NameMobile Number Email ID[42]		0.08 (2023)[40]
Blik	Poland	2015	Bank Account	NFCDynamic Code[43]	ATM Withdrawal & DepositRecurring Payments	1.80 (2023)[44]
Fast and Secure Transfers (FAST)	Singapore	2014	Bank Account	Bank Account Number with Bank Code[45]		0.29 (2022)[46]
PayNow	Singapore	2017	Bank Account	QR CodeNRIC Mobile Number[47]	International Remittance	0.31 (2022)[48]
Bizum	Spain	2016[49]	Bank Account[50]	Mobile Number[50] QR Code[50]	Direct Donations to NGOs[49]	1 (2022)[51]
Swish	Sweden	2012[52]	Bank Account	QR CodeMobile Number[53]		-
Twint	Switzerland	2017[54]	Bank Account	QR CodeMobile Number Dynamic Token[54]		0.59 (2023)[55]
PromptPay	Thailand	2021	Bank Account	QR CodeMobile Number		3.6 (2023)[56]
Faster Payment Service (FPS)	United Kingdom	2008	Bank Account	Account Number and Recipient NameQR Code	Forward dated paymentsStanding orders	4.5 (2023)[57]
Zelle	United States	2017	Bank Account	EmailMobile Number		2.3 (2022)
FedNow	United States	2023	Bank Account
EasyPay	Ukraine	2009	Bank Account	Mobile Number		0.05 (2021)[58]