候 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

See also: 侯

Stroke order
9 strokes

候 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人中弓大 (OLNK), four-corner 27234, composition ⿰⿰亻丨⿱⿱𠃍一矢 or ⿰⿰亻丨⿱⿱乛一矢)

trad. 候
simp. # 候
2nd round simp. 𫶬
alternative forms 𠋫𠊱

| | Old Chinese | | | -------------------------------- | ------------- | | 緱 | *koː, *koː | | 侯 | *ɡoː | | 喉 | *ɡoː | | 猴 | *ɡoː | | 瘊 | *ɡoː | | 篌 | *ɡoː | | 糇 | *ɡoː | | 帿 | *ɡoː | | 睺 | *ɡoː, *ɡoːs | | 矦 | *ɡoː | | 餱 | *ɡoː | | 翭 | *ɡoː | | 葔 | *ɡoː | | 鄇 | *ɡoː, *ɡoːs | | 鍭 | *ɡoː, *ɡoːs | | 鯸 | *ɡoː | | 候 | *ɡoːs | | 堠 | *ɡoːs |

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːs) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 矦 (OC *ɡoː), as 𠊱. The 矦 component (here in modified form where the first 丿 stroke is omitted and the second 丿 stroke is written as a 丨 stroke) is an ancient form of 侯 (hóu).

Note:

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 候
Reading # 1/1
ModernBeijing(Pinyin) hòu
MiddleChinese ‹ huwH ›
OldChinese /*[ɡ]ˁ(r)o-s/
English wait upon
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 候
Reading # 1/1
No. 5154
Phoneticcomponent 侯
Rimegroup 侯
Rimesubdivision 0
CorrespondingMC rime 𠋫
OldChinese /*ɡoːs/

候

  1. to reconnoitre; to scout
  2. to observe; to survey
  3. to wait for; to await
  4. to respectfully await
  5. to visit; to send one's respects to
  6. to wait on; to attend to; to take care of
  7. to forecast; to predict (by divination)
  8. (historical) scout; lookout; vanguard
  9. (historical) Alternative form of 堠 (hòu, “fortress”)
  10. (historical) official
  11. (historical) posthouse; station
  12. (historical) pentad (ancient time unit composed of five days)
  13. climate; season
  14. omen; sign; portent
  15. (traditional Chinese medicine) to examine (pulse)
  16. (traditional Chinese medicine) medical sign and symptom
  17. (dialectal) to pay for (a bill)

候

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. climate
  2. season
  3. weather

Terms derived from 候

Kanji in this term
候
こうGrade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 候 (MC huwH). The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

候(こう) • (kō)

  1. (literary) the season, the weather of the current season

Compounds derived from こう

Kanji in this term
候
うかみGrade: 4
kun'yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Daijirin-only entry, probable RFD”)

候(うかみ) • (ukami)

  1. (obsolete) Alternative spelling of 窺見 (“lookout, scout”)
Kanji in this term
候
そうろうGrade: 4
kun'yomi

/saburaɸu/ → /sauraɸu/ → /soːroː/

A sound shift from 侍(さぶら)う (saburau, “to serve by one's side”), historical さぶらふ. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

候(そうろう) • (sōrou) ←**さうらふ** (saurafu)?godan (stem **候(そうろい) (sōroi), past 候(そうろっ)た (sōrotta))

  1. (archaic) Alternative form of 候う (“to serve; to be”)

Terms derived from そうろう

Kanji in this term
候
そろGrade: 4
kun'yomi

Late-medieval transition from sōrō above.[1]

候(そろ) • (soro)
(alternative reading hiragana す, rōmaji su)
(alternative reading hiragana そう, rōmaji sou, historical hiragana さう)

  1. (archaic) to be; auxiliary used in place of -ある after で or に when forming a copula
    • 止(と)め候(そろ)は如何(いかん)、実(じつ)に可慨(なげくべき)之(の)至(いたり)に**候(そろ)**事(こと)。
      Tome soro wa ikan, jitsu ni nagekubeki no itari ni soro koto.
      How can he be stopped? It is a truly lamentable result.
  2. (archaic) to do; auxiliary used in place of -ます after the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of a verb
    • 誠(まこと)に可笑(わらうべき)事(こと)に御座(ござい)候(そろ)。
      _Makoto ni waraubeki koto ni gozai      soro      ._
      It is verily a laughable thing.
Kanji in this term
候
ぞうろGrade: 4
kun'yomi

/zauro/ → /zoːro/

Stem of rendaku form 候う (zōrou), used in compounds. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

候(ぞうろ) • (zōro) ←**ざうろ** (zauro)?

  1. service

  2. doing

  3. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

From Middle Chinese 候 (MC huwH).

Wikisource

候 (eumhun 기후 후 (gihu hu))

  1. hanja form? of 후 (“climate; season”)
  2. hanja form? of 후 (“to forecast; to wait”)

Compounds

候: Hán Nôm readings: hầu, hậu, thoắng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{[rfdef](/wiki/Template:rfdef#top "Template:rfdef")}}.