劍 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

See also: 剑

Traditional 劍
Shinjitai 剣
Simplified 剑

劍 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 人人中弓 (OOLN), four-corner 82800, composition ⿰僉刂)

trad. 劍
simp. 剑
alternative forms 劎劒劔𠠆鐱／𲈀劎劒劔𠠆鐱／𲈀釼剣𠝏剱

劍: A Jian with 鞘 (qiào, “scabbard”).

| | Old Chinese | | | ------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | | 厱 | *raːm, *kʰreːm, *kʰlam | | 歛 | *qʰlaːm | | 臉 | *ɡ·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ | | 醶 | *ɡr·reːmʔ, *skʰraːmʔ | | 鹼 | *kreːmʔ, *skʰlam | | 薟 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰram | | 匳 | *ɡ·ram | | 獫 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams, *qʰramʔ | | 蘞 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰlam | | 籢 | *ɡ·ram | | 斂 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams | | 瀲 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams | | 撿 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *kramʔ | | 羷 | *ɡ·ramʔ | | 殮 | *ɡ·rams | | 簽 | *skʰlam | | 僉 | *skʰlam | | 憸 | *skʰlam, *skʰlamʔ, *sqʰlam, *qʰramʔ | | 譣 | *skʰlam, *qʰramʔ | | 檢 | *kramʔ | | 瞼 | *kramʔ | | 儉 | *ɡramʔ | | 顩 | *ŋramʔ, *rlɯmʔ, *kʰrɯmʔ | | 嬐 | *ŋramʔ | | 嶮 | *ŋramʔ, *hŋramʔ | | 噞 | *ŋramʔ, *ŋrams | | 驗 | *ŋrams | | 險 | *qʰramʔ | | 劒 | *kams | | 劍 | *kams | | 𩏩 | *qʰam |

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kams) : phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam) + semantic 刂.

Schuessler (2007) proposes a possible native origin, from _*k-_nominalized adjective 剡 (OC *ɦljamʔ, *lamʔ), which is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rjam (“sharp”) and lost its *r- initial due to folk etymology; doublets 磏 (OC *r(i)am, “whetstone”) and 鐮 (OC *ɡ·rem, “sickle”) retain *r-.

Alternatively, the double-edged sword seemingly originated from the southern state of Wu (吳); so a native Wu term, of unknown linguistic affiliation, might have yielded both Old Chinese 劍 (OC *kams) and Proto-Vietic *t-kɨəm ( > Vietnamese gươm).

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 劍
Reading # 1/1
ModernBeijing(Pinyin) jiàn
MiddleChinese ‹ kjæmH ›
OldChinese /*s.kr[a]m-s/
English sword
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 劍
Reading # 1/1
No. 10227
Phoneticcomponent 僉
Rimegroup 談
Rimesubdivision 1
CorrespondingMC rime 劔
OldChinese /*kams/
Notes 原列梵韻作劒，此本說文籀文，集韻驗韻或體

劍

  1. sword (bladed on both sides); sabre (Classifier: 口; 把)
  2. Classifier for swings of a sword.
  3. a surname

劍

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 剣)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 剣: double-edged sword; swordsmanship

From Middle Chinese 劍 (MC kjaemH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 검〮 (Yale: kém)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 환도 (Yale: hwantwo) 검〯 (Yale: kěm)

Wikisource

劍 (eumhun 칼 검 (kal geom))

  1. hanja form? of 검 (“sword; knife”)

Compounds

劍: Hán Nôm readings: kiếm, ghém, gươm, kém, chém, sớm

  1. sword