劫 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: 刦

劫 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 土戈大尸 (GIKS) or 難土戈大尸 (XGIKS), four-corner 47720, composition ⿰去力)

• 𬾆, 𠲵, 㤼, 𢬱, 𦛕, 䀷, 𦀖, 𫄦, 蜐, 𱘺, 𨦲, 𬐼, 𪘖, 𠄳, 𡝔, 䂲, 𪁍
• Kangxi Dictionary: page 146, character 30
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2316
• Dae Jaweon: page 331, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 367, character 12
• Unihan data for U+52AB

| | Old Chinese | | | -------------------------------- | ---------------------- | | 佉 | *kʰal | | 呿 | *kʰal, *kʰas, *kʰab | | 抾 | *kʰɯ, *kʰɯ, *kʰab | | 弆 | *kaʔ, *kʰaʔ | | 祛 | *kʰa | | 袪 | *kʰa | | 阹 | *kʰa | | 胠 | *kʰa, *kʰas, *kʰab | | 魼 | *kʰa, *kʰl'aːb | | 去 | *kʰaʔ, *kʰas | | 麮 | *kʰaʔ, *kʰas | | 鼁 | *kʰas | | 砝 | *kaːb, *kab | | 劫 | *kab, *kab | | 鉣 | *kab | | 蜐 | *kab, *kab | | 怯 | *kʰab |

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kab, *kab): phonetic 去 (OC *kʰaʔ, *kʰas) + semantic 力 (“power, force”)

“(Buddhism) disaster”

Short for 劫波 (jiébō), from Sanskrit कल्प (kalpa).

• Mandarin
  (Pinyin): jié (jie2)
  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ
• Cantonese (Jyutping): gip3
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiap
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiap

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)+
    * Hanyu Pinyin: jié
    * Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ
    * Tongyong Pinyin: jié
    * Wade–Giles: chieh2
    * Yale: jyé
    * Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jye
    * Palladius: цзе (cze)
    * Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    * Jyutping: gip3
    * Yale: gip
    * Cantonese Pinyin: gip8
    * Guangdong Romanization: gib3
    * Sinological IPA (key): /kiːp̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    * Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiap
    * Hakka Romanization System: giabˋ
    * Hagfa Pinyim: giab5
    * Sinological IPA: /ki̯ap̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiap
    * Tâi-lô: kiap
    * Phofsit Daibuun: kiab
    * IPA (Xiamen): /kiap̚³²/
    * IPA (Quanzhou): /kiap̚⁵/
    * IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiap̚³²/
    * IPA (Taipei): /kiap̚³²/
    * IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiap̚³²/

• Dialectal data

• Middle Chinese: kjaep

• Old Chinese
  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)ap/
  (Zhengzhang): /*kab/

劫

1. to coerce; to compel; to threaten
2. to rob; to plunder; to take by force
3. (Buddhism) Short for 劫波 (jiébō, “kalpa”).
   1. (hyperbolic) extremely long time
   2. (figurative, by extension) disaster; calamity; catastrophe

• (to coerce):

• 勒

• 勒逼 (lèbī)

• 強制 / 强制 (qiángzhì)

• 強迫 / 强迫

• 強逼 / 强逼 (qiǎngbī)

• 押 (Hokkien, Teochew)

• 緊逼 / 紧逼 (jǐnbī)

• 脅迫 / 胁迫 (xiépò)

• 迫

• 迫使 (pòshǐ)

• 逼

• 逼迫 (bīpò)

• (disaster):

• 亂兒 / 乱儿 (luànr) (dialectal)

• 人禍 / 人祸 (rénhuò) (man-made disaster)

• 劫煞 (Hokkien)

• 劫難 / 劫难 (jiénàn)

• 厄 (literary, or in compounds)

• 大禍 / 大祸 (dàhuò) (major catastrophe)

• 大難 / 大难 (dànàn) (major catastrophe)

• 天災 / 天灾 (tiānzāi) (natural disaster)

• 央厄 (yāng'è) (literary)

• 奇禍 / 奇祸 (qíhuò) (literary, unexpected disaster)

• 巨禍 / 巨祸 (jùhuò) (literary)

• 患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)

• 慘事 / 惨事 (cǎnshì)

• 慘劇 / 惨剧 (cǎnjù)

• 慘禍 / 惨祸 (cǎnhuò) (tragic accident)

• 沙𧐔 (sua1 sab4) (Teochew)

• 浩劫 (hàojié)

• 災 / 灾 (zāi) (literary, or in compounds)

• 災劫 / 灾劫 (zāijié) (literary)

• 災厄 / 灾厄 (zāi'è) (literary)

• 災害 / 灾害 (zāihài)

• 災殃 / 灾殃 (zāiyāng)

• 災禍 / 灾祸 (zāihuò)

• 災變 / 灾变 (zāibiàn) (literary, natural disaster)

• 災難 / 灾难 (zāinàn)

• 癰疽 / 痈疽 (yōngjū) (figurative)

• 眚沴 (shěnglì) (literary)

• 禍 / 祸 (huò) (literary, or in compounds)

• 禍事 / 祸事 (huòshì)

• 禍害 / 祸害 (huòhài)

• 禍息 / 祸息 (ho5 si6) (Xiang)

• 禍患 / 祸患 (huòhuàn)

• 禍殃 / 祸殃 (huòyāng)

• 一劫

• 中劫

• 乘火打劫 (chénghuǒdǎjié)

• 偷營劫寨 / 偷营劫寨

• 剽劫

• 劫制

• 劫劫

• 劫匪 (jiéfěi)

• 劫囚 (jiéqiú)

• 劫奪 / 劫夺 (jiéduó)

• 劫婚

• 劫富濟貧 / 劫富济贫 (jiéfùjìpín)

• 劫寨 (jiézhài)

• 劫後餘燼 / 劫后余烬

• 劫後餘生 / 劫后余生 (jiéhòuyúshēng)

• 劫持 (jiéchí)

• 劫掠 (jiélüè)

• 劫數 / 劫数 (jiéshù)

• 劫機 / 劫机 (jiéjī)

• 劫殺 / 劫杀

• 劫波 (jiébō)

• 劫法場 / 劫法场

• 劫灰

• 劫營 / 劫营 (jiéyíng)

• 劫牢

• 劫獄 / 劫狱 (jiéyù)

• 劫略

• 劫盜 / 劫盗 (jiédào)

• 劫盟

• 劫簸

• 劫財 / 劫财

• 劫運 / 劫运

• 劫難 / 劫难 (jiénàn)

• 劫餘 / 劫余

• 在劫難逃 / 在劫难逃 (zàijiénántáo)

• 塵劫 / 尘劫

• 大劫

• 小劫

• 巴劫 (bājié)

• 巴巴劫劫

• 忙劫

• 忙劫劫

• 忙忙劫劫

• 打劫 (dǎjié)

• 打家劫盜 / 打家劫盗

• 打家劫舍 (dǎjiājiéshè)

• 搜劫

• 換劫 / 换劫

• 搶劫 / 抢劫 (qiǎngjié)

• 攔劫 / 拦劫 (lánjié)

• 昆池劫灰

• 桃花劫 (táohuājié)

• 歷劫 / 历劫

• 歷劫歸來 / 历劫归来

• 永劫 (yǒngjié)

• 波波劫劫

• 洗劫 (xǐjié)

• 浩劫 (hàojié)

• 火劫

• 焚劫

• 生關死劫 / 生关死劫

• 盜劫 / 盗劫

• 萬劫 / 万劫 (wànjié)

• 萬劫不復 / 万劫不复 (wànjiébùfù)

• 空劫

• 行劫 (xíngjié)

• 要劫

• 賢劫 / 贤劫

• 趁哄打劫

• 趁火打劫 (chènhuǒdǎjié)

• 趁火搶劫 / 趁火抢劫

• 路劫

• 遭劫

• 邀劫

Others:

• → Vietnamese: cướp
• “劫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

劫

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. intimidate
2. aeon, eon

• Go-on: こう (kō)←_こふ_ (kofu, historical)

• Kan-on: きょう (kyō)←_けふ_ (kefu, historical)

• Kan’yō-on: ごう (gō)←_ごふ_ (gofu, historical)

• Kun: おびやかす (obiyakasu, 劫かす)

• 劫(こう)火(か) (kōka)

• 曠(こう)劫(ごう) (kōgō)

• 劫(こう)濁(じょく) (kōjoku)

• 劫(こう)奪(だつ) (kōdatsu)

• 劫(ごう)初(しょ) (gōsho)

• 劫(ごう)盗(とう) (gōtō)

• 劫(ごう)末(まつ) (gōmatsu)

• 劫(ごう)掠(りゃく), 劫(ごう)略(りゃく) (gōryaku)

• 永(えい)劫(ごう) (eigō)

• 壊(え)劫(こう) (ekō)

• 億(おっ)劫(こう) (okkō), 億(おっ)劫(くう) (okkū)

• 空(くう)劫(こう) (kūkō)

• 久(く)遠(おん)劫(ごう) (kuongō)

• 倶(く)胝(てい)劫(こう) (kuteikō)

• 減(げん)劫(こう) (genkō)

• 賢(けん)劫(ごう) (kengō), 賢(げん)劫(ごう) (gengō)

• 五(ご)劫(こう)思(し)惟(ゆい) (gokō shiyui)

• 三(さん)阿(あ)僧(そう)祇(ぎ)劫(こう) (san a sōgi kō)

• 四(し)劫(こう) (shikō)

• 住(じゅう)劫(こう) (jūkō)

• 小(しょう)劫(こう) (shōkō)

• 成(じょう)劫(こう) (jōkō), 成(じょう)劫(ごう) (jōgō)

• 塵(じん)劫(こう) (jinkō), 塵(じん)劫(ごう) (jingō), 塵(じん)点(でん)劫(ごう) (jindengō)

• 増(ぞう)劫(こう) (zōkō)

• 多(た)生(しょう)劫(ごう) (tashōgō)

• 万(まん)劫(ごう) (mangō), 万(ばん)劫(ごう) (bangō)

• 無(む)量(りょう)劫(ごう) (muryōgō)

• 歴(りゃっ)劫(こう) (ryakkō)

/kopu/ → /kofu/ → */kowu/ → /koː/

From Middle Chinese 劫 (MC kjaep), short form of 劫波 (MC kjaep pa), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit कल्प (kalpa, “aeon”).

• (Tokyo) こー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA(key): [ko̞ː]

劫(こう) • (kō) ←**こふ** (kofu)?

1. (Buddhism) kalpa: a unit of time in Buddhist cosmology

• 劫(こう)を経(へ)る (kō o heru)

• 劫(こう)﨟(ろう), 劫(こう)臘(ろう) (kōrō)

• 億(おく)万(まん)劫(ごう) (okumangō)

• 時(じ)劫(こう) (jikō)

• 烏(い)賊(か)の甲(こう)より年(とし)の劫(こう) (ika no kō yori toshi no kō)

• 亀(かめ)の甲(こう)より年(とし)の劫(こう) (kame no kō yori toshi no kō)

• (Tokyo) こー [kòó] (Heiban – [0])[1]

• (Tokyo) こー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]

• IPA(key): [ko̞ː]

劫(こう) • (kō) ←**こふ** (kofu)?

1. (go) a position in which two alternating stones can be captured and recaptured indefinitely

• 劫(こう)材(ざい) (kōzai)
• 劫(こう)立(だ)て (kōdate)
• 劫(こう)種(だね) (kōdane)

/ɡopu/ → /ɡofu/ → */ɡowu/ → /ɡoː/

Possibly a shift from kō above. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

• (Tokyo) ごー [góꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA(key): [ɡo̞ː]

劫(ごう) • (gō) ←**ごふ** (gofu)?

1. (Buddhism) kalpa: a unit of time in Buddhist cosmology

• 劫(ごう)罰(ばつ) (gōbatsu)
• 時(じ)劫(ごう) (jigō)
• 多(た)劫(ごう) (tagō)

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

From Middle Chinese 劫 (MC kjaep). Recorded as Middle Korean 刼/겁〮 (kép) (Yale: kep) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Wikisource

劫 (eumhun 위협할 겁 (wihyeophal geop))

1. hanja form? of 겁 (“coerce; threaten”) [affix]
2. hanja form? of 겁 (“kalpa”) [noun]

• 겁략 (劫掠, geomnyak)

• 겁박 (劫縛, geopbak)

• 겁박 (劫迫, geopbak)

• 겁탈 (劫奪, geoptal)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

劫: Hán Nôm readings: kiếp

1. (Buddhism) kalpa