十 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: 〸 [U+3038 HANGZHOU NUMERAL TEN], ㆺ [U+31BA BOPOMOFO LETTER ZY], and 𬂛 [U+2C09B CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2C09B]

Commons:Category

Commons:Category

Stroke order
2 strokes
Stroke order

十 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 十 (J), four-corner 40000, composition ⿻一丨)

  1. Kangxi radical #24, ⼗.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №54
simp. and trad. 十
alternative forms 拾 financial什

| | Old Chinese | | | -------------------------------- | --------------- | | 針 | *kjum, *kjums | | 汁 | *kjub | | 卙 | *kʰljub | | 十 | *ɡjub | | 什 | *ɡjub |

Unlike 一, which was one horizontal stroke meaning one, 十 was originally simply a vertical stroke. In later forms 一 was added, forming a cross.

Possibly a pictogram (象形) for a needle, later written as 針 (OC *kjum, *kjums), borrowed phonetically for 十 (OC *ɡjub, “ten”).

Unrelated to 支, 卖, 直, 真, 德, 甫， and 七 but related to the original version of 丈 and perhaps related to 由.

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gip.

Note: sī - used for "ten" in 20 to 99.

Note:

Note:

Note:

Note:

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 十
Reading # 1/1
ModernBeijing(Pinyin) shí
MiddleChinese ‹ dzyip ›
OldChinese /*t.[ɡ]əp/
English ten
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 十
Reading # 1/1
No. 11452
Phoneticcomponent 十
Rimegroup 緝
Rimesubdivision 3
CorrespondingMC rime 十
OldChinese /*ɡjub/

十

  1. ten
  2. (figurative) topmost; utmost
    十分 ― shífēn ― very
    十全十美 ― shíquánshíměi ― perfect
Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
Normal(小寫 / 小写) 〇, 零, 空 一, 蜀 二, 兩 / 两 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬 / 万,十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) 百萬 / 百万,桶(Philippines),面桶 (Philippines) 億 / 亿 兆 (Taiwan)萬億 / 万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial(大寫 / 大写) 零 壹 貳 / 贰 參 / 叁 肆 伍 陸 / 陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

Others:

Japanese cardinal numbers

< 9 10 11 >
Cardinal : 十

十

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Compounds

Kanji in this term
十
じゅうGrade: 1
goon
Alternative spelling
拾 (financial)
Kanji in this term
十
じっGrade: 1
kan'yōon

/ʑipʉ/ → /ʑiɸu/ → /ʑɨu/ → /ʑuː//ʑiʔ/ → /ʑi~̚/

From Middle Chinese 十 (MC dzyip).

十(じゅう) • (jū) ←**じふ** (zifu)?

  1. ten, 10

十(じゅう) • (jū) ←**じふ** (zifu)?

  1. a ten-year-old

十(じゅう) or 十(じっ) • (jū- or ji'-) ←**じふ** (zifu)?

  1. ten, 10
  2. tenth
  3. tenfold
  4. all, completely, perfect
Kanji in this term
十
とおGrade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨to2wo⟩ → */təwo/ → /towo/ → /toː/

From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *təwə.

十(とお) • (tō) ←**とを** (towo)?

  1. ten, 10
Kanji in this term
十
とGrade: 1
kun'yomi

Shift from tō above.[2]

十(と) • (to)

  1. ten, 10
Kanji in this term
十
そGrade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨so1⟩ → */sʷo/ → /so/

From Old Japanese.

Used in compounds.

十(そ) • (so)

  1. multiplied by ten: tenfold
Kanji in this term
十
しいGrade: 1
irregular

From Mandarin 十 (shí).[3]

十(シー) • (shī)

  1. ten, 10
v • d • eJapanese numbers
Number Kanji Kana Romaji
0 零 れい、ゼロ rei, zero
1 一、壱、弌、壹 いち ichi
2 二、弐、貳、貮 に ni
3 三、参 さん san
4 四、肆 よん、し yon, shi
5 五、伍 ご go
6 六、陸 ろく roku
7 七、漆 なな、しち nana, shichi
8 八、捌 はち hachi
9 九、玖 きゅう、く kyū, ku
10 十、拾 じゅう jū
100 百、陌、佰 ひゃく hyaku
1,000 千、阡、仟 せん sen
10,000 一万、万、一萬、萬 いちまん、まん ichiman, man
100,000,000 一億、億 いちおく、おく ichioku, oku
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ “十”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  3. ^ “十”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

Korean numbers (edit)

| | 100 | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | -- | --------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- | | ← 1 | ← 9 | 10 | 11 → | 20 → | | | 1 | | | | | | Native isol.: 열 (yeol) Native attr.: 열 (yeol) Sino-Korean: 십 (sip) Hanja: 十 Ordinal: 열째 (yeoljjae) | | | | |

From Middle Chinese 十 (MC dzyip).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 씹〮 (Yale: ssíp)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 열〮 (Yale: yél) 십〮 (Yale: síp)

Wikisource

十 (eumhun 열 십 (yeol sip))

  1. hanja form? of 십 (“ten”)
  2. hanja form? of 십 (“whole; complete; perfect”)

Compounds

十: Hán Việt readings: thập (寔(thực)入(nhập)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
十: Nôm readings: thập[1][2][4]

  1. chữ Hán form of thập (“ten”).

  2. chữ Hán form of thập (“Kangxi radical 24—‘ten’”).

  3. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).

  4. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

  5. ^ Trần (2004).

  6. ^ Bonet (1899).