垣 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

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Stroke order

垣 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 土一日一 (GMAM), four-corner 41116, composition ⿰土亘)

low wall

𭈲, 𭝧
Kangxi Dictionary: page 228, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5060
Dae Jaweon: page 464, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 437, character 11
Unihan data for U+57A3

simp. and trad.	垣

| | Old Chinese | | | -------------------------------- | ----------------------- | | 烜 | *qʰrolʔ, *qʰonʔ | 貆 | | 峘 | *ɡoːn, *ɡɯːŋ | 狟 | *ɡoːn | 絙 | *ɡoːn, *kɯːŋ | 荁 | *ɡoːn | 宣 | *sqʰon | 咺 | *qʰonʔ | 暅 | *qʰonʔ | 桓 | *ɡʷaːn | 洹 | *ɡʷaːn, *ɢʷan | 揎 | *sqʰʷan | 愃 | | 瑄 | *sqʰʷan | 渲 | *sqʰʷans | 喧 | *qʰʷan | 萱 | *qʰʷan | 暄 | *qʰʷan | 諠 | *qʰʷan | 翧 | *qʰʷan | 蝖 | *qʰʷan | 垣 | *ɢʷan | | 楦 | *qʰʷans | *qʰoːn, *ɡoːn, *qʰon | | | | | | | | | | | *sqʰʷan, *qʰʷanʔ | | | | | | | | | |

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷan): semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 亘 (xuān).

Borrowed from Tocharian B wänt-, Tocharian A wänt- (“to envelop, to surround”).[1]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yuán (yuan2)
(Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wun4
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hoân

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
  * Hanyu Pinyin: yuán
  * Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
  * Tongyong Pinyin: yuán
  * Wade–Giles: yüan2
  * Yale: ywán
  * Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
  * Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
  * Sinological IPA (key): /ɥɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  * Jyutping: wun4
  * Yale: wùhn
  * Cantonese Pinyin: wun4
  * Guangdong Romanization: wun4
  * Sinological IPA (key): /wuːn²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoân
  * Tâi-lô: huân
  * Phofsit Daibuun: hoaan
  * IPA (Xiamen): /huan²⁴/
  * IPA (Quanzhou): /huan²⁴/
  * IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan¹³/
  * IPA (Taipei): /huan²⁴/
  * IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan²³/

Middle Chinese: hjwon
Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷar/
(Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷan/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	垣
Reading #	1/1
ModernBeijing(Pinyin)	yuán
MiddleChinese	‹ hjwon ›
OldChinese	/*[ɢ]ʷar/
English	wall
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	垣
Reading #	1/1
No.	14017
Phoneticcomponent	亘
Rimegroup	元
Rimesubdivision	1
CorrespondingMC rime	袁
OldChinese	/*ɢʷan/

垣

^ Alexander Lubotsky (1998) “Tocharian Loan Words in Old Chinese: Chariots, Chariot Gear, and Town Building”, in The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age peoples of Eastern Central Asia, pages 379-390

牆(かき) (kaki)

垣

(Jōyō kanji)

Go-on: おん (on)←_をん_ (won, historical)
Kan-on: えん (en)←_ゑん_ (wen, historical)
Kun: かき (kaki, 垣, Jōyō)

Kanji in this term
垣
かきGrade: S
kun'yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

(Tokyo) かき [kàkíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
IPA(key): [ka̠kʲi]

垣(かき) • (kaki)

fence

垣(かき)根(ね) (kakine)
柵(さく) (saku)

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

垣: Hán Nôm readings: viên

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