梅 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: 楳 and 槑

Japanese 梅
Simplified 梅
Traditional 梅

In Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese scripts, the right side component is written 每 (contains 母 with 2 dots). In Japanese shinjitai, the component is simplified to 毎 (contains 毋 with a single middle stroke). Due to Han unification, both characters (梅/梅) are encoded under the same Unicode codepoint. A CJK compatibility ideograph (U+FA44) exists for the kyūjitai form of 梅.

梅 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+7 in Chinese, 木+6 in Japanese, 11 strokes in Chinese, 10 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 木人田卜 (DOWY), four-corner 48957, composition ⿰木每(GHTKV) or ⿰木毎(J))

simp. and trad. 梅
alternative forms 坆𣏁𣐥楳𣒫坆𣏁𣐥楳𣒫栂槑𤯏

| | Old Chinese | | | -------------------------------- | --------------------- | | 脢 | *mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs | | 挴 | *mlɯːʔ, *mɯːʔ | | 海 | *hmlɯːʔ | | 毐 | *ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ | | 呣 | *mɯ | | 拇 | *mɯʔ | | 母 | *mɯʔ | | 胟 | *mɯʔ | | 姆 | *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ | | 畮 | *mɯʔ | | 踇 | *mɯʔ | | 苺 | *mɯs, *mɯːʔ, *mɯːs | | 莓 | *mɯs, *mɯː, *mɯːs | | 敏 | *mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ | | 鰵 | *mrɯŋʔ | | 慜 | *mrɯŋʔ | | 毋 | *ma | | 梅 | *mɯː | | 酶 | *mɯː | | 鋂 | *mɯː | | 每 | *mɯːʔ | | 毎 | *mɯːs | | 痗 | *mɯːs, *hmɯːs | | 晦 | *hmɯːs | | 誨 | *hmɯːs | | 悔 | *hmɯːʔ, *hmɯːs | | 霉 | *mrɯl |

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mɯː): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ).

Seemingly related to Old Japanese 梅 (ume2) (Shibatani, 1990; Miyake, 1997; apud Schuessler, 2007) (which was possibly borrowed from Middle Chinese). Its origin is unknown (Schuessler, 2007); its referent, Prunus mume, originated around the Yangtze River,[1] now in south China yet initially outside the Chinese civilization's cradle in the Central Plain.

Note:

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 梅
Reading # 1/1
ModernBeijing(Pinyin) méi
MiddleChinese ‹ mwoj ›
OldChinese /*C.mˁə/
English plum tree
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 梅
Reading # 1/1
No. 9302
Phoneticcomponent 母
Rimegroup 之
Rimesubdivision 0
CorrespondingMC rime 枚
OldChinese /*mɯː/

梅

  1. Prunus mume (Chinese plum or Japanese apricot)
    話梅／话梅 ― huàméi ― li hing mui
    烏梅／乌梅 ― wūméi ― smoked plum
  2. (in compounds) A plant sharing similarities with Prunus mume in habit, flowers or fruits
    蠟梅／蜡梅 ― làméi ― Chimonanthus praecox
    茶梅 ― cháméi ― Camellia sasanqua
    楊梅／杨梅 ― yángméi ― Myrica rubra
    西梅 ― xīméi ― Prunus domestica
  3. (obsolete) Alternative name for 楠 (nán, “Machilus nanmu”).
  4. Short for 梅雨 (méiyǔ).
  5. Short for 梅州 (Méizhōu).
  6. a surname
    梅光達 [Cantonese, _trad._]
    梅光达 [Cantonese, _simp._]
    mui4 gwong1 daat6 [Jyutping]
    Mei Quong Tart (merchant)
    梅艷芳 [Cantonese, _trad._]
    梅艳芳 [Cantonese, _simp._]
    mui4 jim6 fong1 [Jyutping]
    Anita Mui (singer)

Others:

  1. ^ Uematsu, Chiyomi, Sasakuma, Tetsuo, Ogihara, Yasunari (1991) “Phylogenetic relationships in the stone fruit group of Prunus as revealed by restriction fragment analysis of chloroplast DNA”, in The Japanese Journal of Genetics, volume 66, number 1, →DOI, →PMID, page 60: “P. mume had its origin in South China around the Yangtze River (Kyotani, 1989b).”
Shinjitai 梅
Kyūjitai[1][2][3][4] 梅梅or梅+︀?
梅󠄀梅+󠄀?(Adobe-Japan1)
梅󠄃梅+󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi)(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.See here for details.

梅

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 梅)

Kanji in this term
梅
うめGrade: 4
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
梅 (kyūjitai)楳

梅 (ume): Japanese plum trees and white plum blossoms of Hirohashi Bairin in Shimoichi, Nara

梅 (ume): a generic plum blossom crest

⟨me2⟩ → */mːəɨ/ → *⟨mume2⟩ → ⟨ume2⟩ → */uməɨ/ → /ume/

From Old Japanese.[5][6][7]

Probably ultimately from Middle Chinese 梅 (MC mwoj),[6][7] with the borrowed me reading gaining a pronounced kind of initial m- sound, perhaps realized as *mme. The phonetic spelling was often rendered as むめ (*mme, mume) from the Heian period,[5][7] with *mme/mume and ume apparently existing in free variation. The reading eventually settled on うめ (ume). Compare the similar pattern of phonetic shift for 馬 (ma → *mma → muma → uma, “horse”), likely from Middle Chinese 馬 (MC maeX).

梅(うめ) or 梅(ウメ) • (ume)

  1. Japanese plum or apricot, Prunus mume
    Synonyms: 春告草 (harutsuge-gusa), 風待草 (kazemachi-gusa), 好文木 (kōbunboku)
  2. a white plum blossom, as opposed to 紅梅 (kōbai, “red plum blossom”)
    Synonym: 白梅 (hakubai)
  3. the lowest of a three-level rank system
    Hypernym: 松竹梅
    Coordinate terms: 松, 竹, 梅
  4. a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with varying designs of plum blossoms
  5. Short for 梅襲 (ume-gasane): a style of layering garments with dark crimson over light crimson
  6. (card games) the suit of plum blossoms in 花札 (hanafuda), representing the month of February
    Coordinate terms: 松, 梅, 桜, 藤, 菖蒲, 牡丹, 萩, 芒, 菊, 紅葉, 柳, 桐
  7. (historical, colloquial) Synonym of 天神 (tenjin): the second-highest ranked prostitute in Edo-period Kamigata, below the 大夫 (tayū)

For quotations using this term, see Citations:梅.

Derived terms

梅(うめ) • (Ume)

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname
Kanji in this term
梅
むめGrade: 4
irregular
Alternative spelling
梅 (kyūjitai)

⟨me2⟩ → */mːəɨ/ → *⟨mume2⟩ → /mume/

Possibly from Old Japanese.

This reading becomes common during the Heian period,[5][7] later falling into disuse.

Superseded by the ume reading above.

梅(むめ) • (mume)

  1. (archaic, obsolete) the Japanese plum or apricot, Prunus mume

For quotations using this term, see Citations:梅.

Kanji in this term
梅
ばいGrade: 4
kan'on
Alternative spelling
梅 (kyūjitai)

From a later borrowing of Middle Chinese 梅 (MC mwoj).

梅(ばい) • (bai)

  1. (usually in Chinese contexts) the Japanese plum or apricot, Prunus mume
  2. (historical, colloquial) Synonym of 天神 (tenjin): the second-highest ranked prostitute in Edo-period Kamigata, below the 大夫 (tayū)

梅(ばい) • (bai)

  1. plum
  2. Short for 梅雨 (baiu): East Asian rainy season
  3. Short for 梅毒 (baidoku): syphilis

梅(ばい) • (Bai)

  1. a surname

  2. ^ “梅”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

  3. ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “梅”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎[2] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN

  4. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1133 (paper), page 617 (digital)

  5. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 685 (paper), page 355 (digital)

  6. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

  7. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

  8. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

From Middle Chinese 梅 (MC mwoj). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄆᆡ (moy) (Yale: moy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Wikisource

梅 (eumhun 매화나무 매 (maehwanamu mae))

  1. hanja form? of 매 (“_Prunus mume_, a fruit tree”)
  2. hanja form? of 매 (“plum blossom, a blossom of this tree”)
  3. hanja form? of 매 (“a Korean surname”)

Possibly a shift from Middle Chinese 梅 (MC mwoj).[1][2]

梅 (ume2) (kana うめ)

  1. the Japanese plum or apricot, Prunus mume

For quotations using this term, see Citations:梅.

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

梅: Hán Nôm readings: mai

  1. rattan