芝 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: 艺

芝 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+3, 7 strokes in traditional Chinese, 6 strokes in mainland China and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 廿戈弓人 (TINO), four-corner 44307, composition ⿱艹之)

trad. 芝
simp. # 芝
alternative forms 𦭩

| | Old Chinese | | | -------------------------------- | ------ | | 之 | *tjɯ | | 芝 | *tjɯ | | 志 | *tjɯs | | 痣 | *tjɯs | | 娡 | *tjɯs | | 誌 | *tjɯs | | 蚩 | *tʰjɯ | | 妛 | *tʰjɯ | | 嗤 | *tʰjɯ | | 媸 | *tʰjɯ | | 旹 | *djɯ | | 滍 | *diʔ |

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tjɯ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) – a type of plant.

芝

  1. lingzhi; Ganoderma
    靈芝／灵芝 ― língzhī ― lingzhi
  2. Alternative form of 芷
  3. Used in 芝麻 (zhīma, “sesame”).
  4. Used in 芝城 (Zhīchéng, “city of Chicago”).
  5. a surname

芝

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. turf, lawn, grass

芝: common grass, especially as found in lawns.

Kanji in this term
芝
しばGrade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. One of the oldest attested words in the Japanese language, used in the Man'yōshū and Nihon Shoki.

This character usually means a type of fungus in Chinese. However, it was also used phonetically in 芝麻 (*chimæ, “sesame”) (modern Mandarin 芝麻 (zhīmá)), and it seems that the Japanese use of this character for the sense of grass may have come from this sesame sense in Chinese.

芝(しば) • (shiba)

  1. grass, turf, green
    • **芝(しば)**付(つき)乃(の) 御(み)宇(う)良(ら)佐(さ)伎(き)奈流(なる) 根(ね)都(つ)古(こ)具(ぐ)佐(さ) 安(あ)比(ひ)見(み)受(ず)安(あ)良(ら)婆(ば) 安(あ)礼(れ)古(こ)非(ひ)米(め)夜(や)母(も)。
      Shibatsuki no Miurasaki naru netsukogusa ahi mizu araba are kohi meyamo.
      The anemone flowers on grassy Miura Point; if we hadn't seen each other, I probably wouldn't be so in love.
  2. Short for 芝見 (shibami): hiding in the grass and spying on one's enemies or scouting out the situation; a spy in the grass

Derived terms

芝(しば) • (Shiba)

  1. a surname

芝(しば)する • (shiba suru) suru (stem 芝(しば)し (shiba shi), past 芝(しば)した (shiba shita))

  1. short for 芝見 (​shibami): to hide in the grass and spy on one's enemies or scout out the situation
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 芝し しばし shiba shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 芝し しばし shiba shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 芝する しばする shiba suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 芝する しばする shiba suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 芝すれ しばすれ shiba sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 芝せよ¹芝しろ² しばせよ¹しばしろ² shiba seyo¹shiba shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 芝される しばされる shiba sareru
Causative 芝させる芝さす しばさせるしばさす shiba saserushiba sasu
Potential 芝できる しばできる shiba dekiru
Volitional 芝しよう しばしよう shiba shiyō
Negative 芝しない しばしない shiba shinai
Negative continuative 芝せず しばせず shiba sezu
Formal 芝します しばします shiba shimasu
Perfective 芝した しばした shiba shita
Conjunctive 芝して しばして shiba shite
Hypothetical conditional 芝すれば しばすれば shiba sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative
Kanji in this term
芝
しざまGrade: S
kun'yomi

Compound of し (shi, adjectival ending) +‎ 様 (sama, “kind, type”).[2] The sama changes to zama as an instance of rendaku (連濁). The kanji 芝 was used as an ateji, probably based on its on'yomi of shi.

芝(しざま) • (shizama)

  1. (grammar, obsolete) “shi_-type”, referring to the i adjective in Japanese grammar, specifically the ク活用 (ku katsuyō, “_ku inflection”), corresponding to modern Japanese adjectives ending in -i but not -shii
    This is the nomenclature used in the grammar devised by 富士谷成章 (Fujitani Nariakira), a classical Japanese scholar and grammarian in the middle Edo period. Modern i adjectives still had the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) ending in -shi in the mid-Edo period, hence Fujitani's description of these as the “_shi_-type” of adjective.
Kanji in this term
芝
しGrade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 芝 (*chi). Compare modern Mandarin 芝 (zhī).

芝(し) • (shi)

  1. the 万年茸 (​mannentake) mushroom

Derived terms

Used as ateji in various surnames.

芝(しはざき) • (Shihazaki)

  1. a surname

芝(しばさき) • (Shibasaki)

  1. a surname

芝(しばざき) • (Shibazaki)

  1. a surname

芝(しばたか) • (Shibataka)

  1. a surname

  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

  3. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

芝 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)

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芝: Hán Nôm readings: chi

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