-n - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

From Middle English -n, from Old English -n, rare alternative form of Old English -en (“-en”). More at -en.

-n

  1. Alternative form of -en.
    ‎_silver_ + ‎-n → ‎_silvern_

Middle English -n

English -n

-n

  1. Alternative form of -an, adjective or noun suffix meaning "of or pertaining to", used with words which already end in a.
    ‎_Java_ + ‎-n → ‎_Javan_
    ‎_Burma_ + ‎-n → ‎_Burman_
    ‎_Minnesota_ + ‎-n → ‎_Minnesotan_
    ‎_Russia_ + ‎-n → ‎_Russian_

From Middle English -n, -en, from Old English -n, -en and Old Norse -inn, both from Proto-Germanic *-anaz, *-inaz, past participle ending of strong verbs. Cognate with Dutch -en, German -en, Swedish -en, Icelandic -inn.

-n

  1. Alternative form of -en (past participle ending).
    ‎_grow_ + ‎-n → ‎_grown_
    ‎_show_ + ‎-n → ‎_shown_
    ‎_slow_ + ‎-n → ‎_slown_

| | preceding vowel | | | | | | ----------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | | a / i | e / ə / i̇ | o / u | ö / ü | | | postconsonantalexcept after L | -ıl | -il | -ul | -ül | | after L | -ın | -in | -un | -ün | | postvocalic | -n | | | |

-n

  1. Postvocalic form of -il.

See -il.

-n

  1. what, which, that
    Eman didazun liburua irakurtzen ari naiz. ― I'm reading the book that you gave me.
    Esaten dizudana egia da. ― What I'm telling you is true.
  2. Used to form indirect questions.
    Ez dakit nor zaren. ― I don't know who you are.

The form taken by this clitic depends on the ending of the verbal form to which it is attached.

This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.

From Middle High German -en, a merger of various infinitive forms in Old High German. Cognates include German -en, -n and Luxembourgish -en.

-n

  1. Used to form verbs.

-n

  1. 1st-person plural possessive suffix: our

-n

  1. alternative form of -en

-n (adverbial)

  1. (enclitic, after a vowel) alternative form of in
    Manjēn un pōk! ― Eat some of it! (imperative, plural)

From Ancient Greek -ν (-n) (masculine and feminine accusative ending) and/or German -en (masculine accusative ending).

-n

  1. accusative ending
    ŝtono / li ĵetas la ŝtonon
    stone / he throws the stone
    afabla / mi renkontis la afablajn virinojn
    kind / I met the kind women
    1. ending indicating a greeting or wish (implying mi deziras al vi... or similar)
      Ĝojan Kristnaskon! ― Merry Christmas!
  2. ending used with a measurement
    Li loĝas tri kilometrojn for. ― He lives three kilometres away.
    Ŝi foriris du tagojn poste. ― She left two days later.
  3. ending indicating destination: in the direction of, and arriving at
    tablo / la kato saltis sur tablon
    table / the cat jumped on(to) a table (cf. la kato saltis sur tablo, "the cat jumped (while) on a table")
    fridujo / ŝi metos la botelojn da lakto en la fridujon
    refrigerator / she will put the bottles of milk in(to) the refrigerator
    antaŭ / antaŭe / ni iru antaŭen
    ahead of / ahead, in front (position) / let's move ahead/forward
    tie / oni povas iri tien per trajno
    there (at that place) / one can go there (to that place) by train
    Parizo / mi veturas Parizon
    Paris / I am driving to Paris

From Proto-Finnic *-n, conflated from Proto-Uralic *-n (genitive suffix) and from Proto-Uralic *-m (accusative suffix).

-n

  1. Used to form the genitive case.
    talon ovi (talo (“house”)) ― the house's door
    tytön takki (tyttö (“girl”)) ― the girl's coat
    käden sormet (käsi (“hand”)) ― the hand's fingers
  2. Used to form the accusative case in the singular.
    Näin tytön. ― I saw a/the girl.
    Tapasin poikani eilen. ― I met my son yesterday.

From Proto-Finnic *-n, probably of the same origin as the genitive suffix (see -n, etymology 1). The instructive singular only exists for a few nouns in modern Finnish (such as jalan from jalka); the case is usually used in the plural (-in).

-n

  1. Used to form the instructive case, usually only in the plural.
    Pääsin ojan yli kuivin jaloin.
    I could cross the ditch with dry feet.

From Proto-Finnic *-n, from Proto-Uralic *-m, probably connected to the first-person singular personal pronoun minä.

-n

  1. (personal) the first-person singular suffix for verbs
    luen ― I read
    kadotin ― I lost/misplaced
    en mene ― I will not go

-n

  1. alternative form of -ne (diminutive nominal suffix)

-n

  1. emphasis marker
    Uan re·angaha
    He did go away
    Napbabo, da·on!
    Come in, right now!

-n

  1. alternative form of -en

-n

  1. like, as (often attached to pronouns).

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

-n (superessive case suffix)

  1. on. Forms the superessive case from nouns, adjectives, participles, and certain pronouns.
    ‎_hajó_ (“ship”) + ‎-n → ‎_hajón_ (“on [the] ship”)

Hungarian case suffixes

case back vowel_a, á, o, ó, u, ú_ front vowel
unrounded_e, é, i, í_ rounded_ö, ő, ü, ű_
nominative —
accusative -t
-ot / -at -et -öt
dative -nak -nek
instrumental -val -vel
causal-final -ért
translative -vá -vé
terminative -ig
essive-formal -ként1
essive-modal -ul -ül
inessive -ban -ben
superessive -n
-on -en -ön
adessive -nál -nél
illative -ba -be
sublative -ra -re
allative -hoz -hez -höz
elative -ból -ből
delative -ról -ről
ablative -tól -től

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

-n

  1. (deadjectival adverb-forming suffix) Added to an adjective to form an adverb.
    ‎_ritka_ (“rare”) + ‎-n → ‎_ritkán_ (“rarely”)
  2. (denumeral and depronominal adverb-forming suffix) Added to a numeral to form an adverb.
    mindnyája (“all of us/you/them”, obsolete) → mindnyájan (“all of us/you/them”, as an adverb, compare “in full”)

-n

  1. (personal suffix, chiefly dialectal or archaic) Forms the indefinite third-person singular suffix (currently only in the imperative mood as part of -jen, formerly also occurring in the indicative).
    jön (“he/she/it comes / is coming”)
    lőn (“he/she/it became or came into being”, archaic)

From Esperanto -n, from German -en, Ancient Greek -ν (-n).

-n

  1. suffix forming accusative

The accusative ending in Ido is only required if the speaker breaks the subject–object word order in Ido, one can not use the accusative ending if the word order is followed. E.g.

From Proto-Finnic *-mi. Cognates include Finnish -ni and Veps -in.

-n

  1. (obsolete) Used to mark the possession of the first person singular; my
Possessive forms of -n
possessor singular plural
1st person -n -mme
2nd person -s -nne
3rd person -V -sse

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

-n

  1. alternative spelling of -nna
Possessive forms of -n
possessor singular plural
1st person -nnaan -nnamme
2nd person -nnaas -nnanne
3rd person -nnaa -nnasse

-n

  1. Rōmaji transcription of ん
  2. Rōmaji transcription of ン

From Proto-Micronesian *na (“of, pertaining to”), from Proto-Oceanic *-ña (used to mark third person singular inalienable possession).

-n

  1. used to form the construct state of inalienably possessed nouns
  2. marks a third person singular possessor of inalienably possessed nouns

Mokilese possessive suffixes

singularpossessor first person -i, -ioa
second person -mw, -mwen
third person -a, -n, -∅
dualpossessors first person inclusive -sa
first person exclusive -ma
second person -mwa
third person -ra
pluralpossessors first person inclusive -sai
first person exclusive -mai
second person -mwai
third person -rai
remote pluralpossessors first person inclusive -hs
first person exclusive -mi
second person -mwi
third person -hr
construct form -n
This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

From Proto-Samic *-mē, from Proto-Uralic *-ma. Cognate with Finnish -ma.

-n (with odd-syllable stems -eapmi)

  1. Forms verbal nouns from verbs.
Odd, no gradation
Nominative -n
Genitive -ma
Singular Plural
Nominative -n -mat
Accusative -ma -miid
Genitive -ma -miid
Illative -mii -miidda
Locative -mis -miin
Comitative -miin -miiguin
Essive -min
Possessive forms Singular Dual Plural 1st person -man -meamẹ -meamẹt 2nd person -mat -meattẹ -meattẹt 3rd person -mis -measkkạ -measẹt

From Proto-Samic *-një.

-n

  1. Forms instrument nouns from verbs.
Odd, no gradation
Nominative -n
Genitive -na
Singular Plural
Nominative -n -nat
Accusative -na -niid
Genitive -na -niid
Illative -nii -niidda
Locative -nis -niin
Comitative -niin -niiguin
Essive -nin
Possessive forms Singular Dual Plural 1st person -nan -neamẹ -neamẹt 2nd person -nat -neattẹ -neattẹt 3rd person -nis -neaskkạ -neasẹt

From Proto-Samic *-nē, from Proto-Uralic *-na. Cognate with Finnish -na.

-n

  1. The ending of the essive case.

From Proto-Samic *-më. Cognate with the first element of the Finnish fourth infinitive -mi-nen ~ -mi-se-.

-n

  1. The ending of the past participle.

-n

  1. nominalizer
    ‎_abwe_ (“s/he roasts things”) + ‎-n → ‎_abwaan_ (“frying pan”)
    ‎_biiwaabikoke_ (“s/he mines (esp. metal or iron)”) + ‎-n → ‎_biiwaabikokaan_ (“a mine”)
    ‎_manoominike_ (“s/he rices”) + ‎-n → ‎_manoominikaan_ (“finished wild rice”)

Causes word-final e to become aa.

-n

  1. A suffix denoting the plural of an inanimate noun
  2. A suffix denoting the obviative of an animate noun
  3. A suffix denoting the second-person singular imperative of an animate intransitive verb (vai)
  4. A suffix denoting the first-, second- or third-person singular to singular object form of an animate intransitive verb with an object (vai+o)
  5. A suffix denoting the first-, second- or third-person singular to singular object form of a Type 3 transitive inanimate verb (vti3)
  6. A suffix denoting the second-person singular to singular or plural object imperative of a Type 3 transitive inanimate verb (vti3)
  7. A suffix denoting the first-, second- or third-person singular to singular object form of a Type 4 transitive inanimate verb (vti4)
  8. A suffix denoting the first-person singular to second-person singular form of a transitive animate verb (vta) with an -aw or Cw ending

-n (second person singular nominative, bound form of nyuntu)

  1. you (singular)

Bound pronouns can be used instead of the regular "long form" pronouns. They act as clitics that attach to the last word of the first noun phrase in the sentence, or the conjunctions ka or munu if present.

Pitjantjatjara personal pronouns (nominative case)

singular dual plural
first person ngayulu (I)Bound form: -ṉa ngali (we two)Bound form: -li nganaṉa (we, more than two)Bound form: -la
second person nyuntu (you)Bound form: -n nyupali (you two) nyura (you, more than two)
third person paluṟu (he/she/it) pula (they two) tjana (they, more than two)Bound form: -ya

-n

  1. Indicates third-person singular possessive.
    wasi (“house”) → wasin (“his/her/its house”)
  2. Third-person singular subject.
    rimay (“to speak”) → pay riman (“he/she/it speaks”)
  3. (Cuzco-Collao) alternative spelling of -m

-n

  1. Contracted form of în "in" used after vowel.

-n

  1. Added to nouns to denote a specific or particular example

-n

  1. Suffix for singular definite form of common nouns, especially those ending with a vowel or with an unstressed -el, -er or -or. See also -en
  2. Suffix for plural indefinite form of neuter nouns, if they end in a vowel. See also -t, -en.
  3. A version of the -en of the fourth conjugation past participles. This allomorph is used only before the suffix -a, which marks for plural or definiteness. The -na of these participle forms may also be seen described as one morpheme.
  4. Suffix which creates nouns out of certain verbs, usually denoting a result of an action. See also -an

From Proto-Na-Dene *-ł, which sonorantized to pre-Tlingit *-l before nasalizing.

-n

  1. A progressive suffix.

-n

  1. Postvocalic Form of -il
    ‎_elemek_ (“to sift”) + ‎-n → ‎_elenmek_ (“to be sifted”)

-n

  1. Suffix which creates nouns out of certain verbs, usually denoting a result of an action. See also -an