are - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Abbreviation of English Arrernte.
are
- Wiktionary’s coverage of Western Arrernte terms
- (non-rhotic)
- (UK)
* (Received Pronunciation)
* (weak form) IPA(key): /ə(ɹ)/
* (strong form) IPA(key): /ɑː(ɹ)/
* (Northern England, Wales)
* (strong form) IPA(key): /aː(ɹ)/ - (General Australian, New Zealand)
* (weak form) IPA(key): /ə(ɹ)/
* (strong form) IPA(key): /ɐː/
- (UK)
- (rhotic)
- (General American, Standard Canadian)
* (weak form) IPA(key): /ɚ/
* (strong form) IPA(key): /ɑɹ/, enPR: är
* | Audio (US, strong form): | (file) |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | - (Ireland)
* (weak form) IPA(key): /ɚ/
* (strong form) IPA(key): /aɹ/, /äːɹ/, /ɑɹ/ - (Scotland)
* (strong form) IPA(key): /äɹ/, /äɾ/
- (General American, Standard Canadian)
- (now dialectal)
- (proscribed, rare, due to confusion with "our")
- Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)
- Hyphenation: are
- Homophones: argh, r, our
Proto-Germanic *arun?
Middle English aren
English are
From Middle English aren, from Old English (Anglian) earun, earon (“are”, plural). Possibly reinforced by the Old Norse plural forms in er-, this displaced the alternative forms Old English sind and bēoþ. In the second person singular it displaced archaic art. Further etymology controversial:
- The English forms, as well as the Old Swedish forms in ær-, could reflect Proto-Germanic preterite-present *ōr ~ *arum, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃e-h₃ór-h₂e (“I have risen”, perfect).[2][3]
- Since they are not the expected outcomes of the Proto-Germanic forms of *wesaną (“to be”) in *iz-, they would have to be irregular alterations. For Seebold this explanation is still preferable as similar variants in other verbs are not uncommon.[4]
- aren, arn (obsolete or dialectal)
- ar (obsolete)
are
- second-person singular simple present of be
Mary, where are you going? - first-person plural simple present of be
We are not coming.- 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)[3]:
Here we are!
- 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)[3]:
- second-person plural simple present of be
Mary and John, are you listening? - third-person plural simple present of be
They are here somewhere. - (East Yorkshire, Midlands) present of be
The pronunciation /aʊɚ/ arising from confusion of "are" and "our" is rare; however, it occasionally occurs due to the fact that the latter can be elided into /ɑɹ/ in quick speech.
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɛə/, /ɛː/
- (General American) enPR: âr, IPA(key): /ɛəɹ/, /ɛɹ/
- Rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)
- Homophones: air, Ayr, ere, eyre, heir, err (one pronunciation); e'er
are (plural ares)
- (rare) An accepted (but deprecated and rarely used) metric unit of area equal to 100 square metres, or a former unit of approximately the same extent. Symbol: a.
unit of area
Ingrian: sotka
Irish: ár m
Latvian: ārs m
Macedonian: ар m (ar)
Slovak: ár m
Tagalog: arya
Uyghur: ئار (ar)
From the phonetic similarity between our and are in many English dialects (both /ɑː(ɹ)/).
are
- Sometimes used deliberately as a form of classist humour, particularly in the UK, as a mocking imitation of a person with little education.
- ^ Jespersen, Otto (1909), A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles (Sammlung germanischer Elementar- und Handbücher; 9)[1], volume I: Sounds and Spellings, London: George Allen & Unwin, published 1961, § 4.432, page 130.
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[2], 1st edition, Oxford: University Press, →ISBN, page 72. Note: in the 2nd edition (2017) this example has been omitted.
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₃er-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 300
- ^ Seebold, Elmar (1970), “AR (?) ‘ist’”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series Practica; 85) (in German), Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, →OCLC
are
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
are inan
Borrowed from French are, from Latin ārea.
are f (plural aren or ares, no diminutive)
Learned formation from Latin area, a piece of level ground. Doublet of aire.
are m (plural ares)
- an are
Danish: ar
Norwegian Bokmål: ar
“are”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012
From Dutch are, from French are, from Latin ārea. Doublet of area.
- (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈarə/ [ˈa.rə]
- Rhymes: -arə
- Syllabification: a‧re
arê
- are; an SI unit of area equal to 100 square metres, or a former unit of approximately the same extent
“are”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016
Rhymes: -are
Hyphenation: à‧re
Variant of aere.
are m (plural ari)
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
are f pl
are
ārē
- “are”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
are
are (Lontara spelling ᨕᨑᨙ)
- (used in rhetorical questions) on earth; possibly; approximately
Inai-are arenna?
Who on earth is his name?
Ante-are-kamma?
How on earth?
Apa-aremi lanagaukang?
What on earth will he do?
Pissiapa-are?
Approximately how many times?
Apa-are sallang kubalasangi punna buntingi
What possibly will I give in return later when he marries. - certainly; surely
Tau-arejaʼ inakke
I am certainly human.
Taia-arèa tau kuagànga mange-mange
Surely that is not the person I accompanied everywhere (note the stress shift to the final vowel before the enclitic).
Jukuʼ-are nuballi
Surely you bought fish.
Ka ia-areji appalaʼ
Because surely he asked.
Taenapa kuasseng, akkule-are taena-are
I do not know yet, surely can or surely cannot. - maybe; perhaps; approximately
Sibulang-are, ruambulang-are
Maybe one month, maybe two months.
Sikayu-areka, rua-areka
Approximately one or two animals.
Cense, A. A. (1979), Makassaars-Nederlands woordenboek [Makasar-Dutch dictionary], 's-Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
are (Raguileo spelling)
- Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.
are
are
are
- alternative form of hare (“hare”)
are
- (Northern or Early Middle English) alternative form of ore (“honour”)
are
- (Northern) alternative form of ore (“oar”)
are
- alternative form of aren
Perhaps from a Dutch Low Saxon or German Low German verb.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
are (present tense arar, past tense ara, past participle ara, passive infinitive arast, present participle arande, imperative **are/ar)
are
are
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
are
- (Can we verify(+) this sense?) white-tailed eagle
āre f
- synonym of ār
Weak _n_-stem:
āre
āre
- inflection of ār (“mercy”):
From Proto-West Germanic *auʀā, from Proto-Germanic *ausô.
āre n
- North Frisian:
Föhr-Amrum: uar
Hallig, Mooring: uur
Helgoland: Uaar
Sylt: Uar - Saterland Frisian: Oor
- West Frisian: ear
Alternative scripts
- 𑀅𑀭𑁂 (Brahmi script)
- अरे (Devanagari script)
- অরে (Bengali script)
- අරෙ (Sinhalese script)
- အရေ or ဢရေ (Burmese script)
- อเร or อะเร (Thai script)
- ᩋᩁᩮ (Tai Tham script)
- ອເຣ or ອະເຣ (Lao script)
- អរេ (Khmer script)
- 𑄃𑄢𑄬 (Chakma script)
are
-
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈa.ɾe/
Hyphenation: a‧re
are m (plural ares)
- (historical) are (unit of area)
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
are
- inflection of arar:
- “are”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
- “are”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026
- IPA(key): /ˈa.re/
- Rhymes: -are
- Hyphenation: a‧re
Compare Latin habēret, habuerit. Compare Aromanian ari. See also ar, auxiliary used in a periphrastic construction of the conditional.
are
- third-person singular indicative present of avea (“to have”)
are
- third-person singular/plural subjunctive present of ara (“to plow”)
From Middle English are, from Old English ār (“honor, worth, dignity”), from Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aizō (“respect, honour”), from *ais- (“to honour, respect, revere”).
Cognate with Dutch eer (“honour, credit”), German Ehre (“honour, glory”), Latin erus (“master, professor”).
are (uncountable)
are
- inflection of arar:
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ʔaˈɾe/ [ʔɐˈɾɛ]
- Rhymes: -e
- Syllabification: a‧re
aré (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜒ) (chiefly Batangas, Mindoro, Marinduque)
- alternative form of ari: this one; this
Synonyms: (Manila) ito, (Central Luzon) ire, (Central Luzon) ere
Ano ga are? ― What is this?
Tagalog demonstrative pronouns
| | Direct (ang) | Indirect (ng) | Oblique (sa) | Locative (nasa) | Existential | Manner (gaya ng) | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Near speaker* | ari/are, iri/ire/idi, yari** | nari/nare, niri/nire/nidi, niyari† | dini/dine | nandini, narini, nairi/naidi, naari | ere/eri, here/heri, ayri | ganari, ganiri, garini(garni), gayari† | | Near speaker and listener* | ito | nito | dito | nandito, narito, naito** | heto, eto, ayto† | ganito, garito(garto)** | | Near listener | iyan, yaan | niyan | diyan/diyaan | nandiyan/nandiyaan, nariyan(naryan), nayan/nayaan**, naiyan‡ | hayan, ayan | ganiyan(ganyan), gay-an**, gariyan** | | Remote | iyon, yoon, yaon† | niyon, noon, niyaon† | doon | nandoon, naron/naroon**, nayon/nayoon**, nayaon‡ | hayon/hayun, ayon/ayun | ganoon, gayon, gay-on, gayoon‡,garoon‡ | | *These two series have merged in modern Tagalog. The first row is used in some dialects, the second row is used anywhere else. **These pronouns are used in some dialects.†These pronouns are not commonly used in casual speech but more prevalent in literature.‡Rare in text. | | | | | | |
From Proto-Tani *a-lə, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *la.
are
are
- (transitive) to scratch
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001), A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qazay.
are
are
are (definite form are bi)
are
- (Tungyueh, Aohua, Hanhsi) third person singular pronoun
are gomey la’iy aru.
He/She has five kids
are tenahte gako ita.
He/She went to school running - (Tungyueh, Aohua, Hanhsi) that (person or object)
| Dialectal synonyms of are (“third person single pronoun”) | |
|---|---|
| view map; edit data | |
| Location | Words |
| Tungyueh | are |
| Aohua | are |
| Hanhsi | hiya, zinbun, zin, are |
- (that):
- (third person singular pronoun): aretaci, ataci
- Chien Yuehchen (2015), “The lexical system of Yilan Creole”, in New Advances in Formosan Linguistics[4], pages 513-532
- Chien Yuehchen (2018), “日本語を上層とする宜蘭クレオールの人称代名詞”, in 日本語の研究[5], volume 14, number 4
- Chien Yuehchen (2019), “日本語を上層とする宜蘭クレオールの指示詞”, in 社会言語科学 [The Japanese Journal of Language in Society][6], volume 21, number 2, pages 50-65
- 林愷娣 [Lin Kaidi] (2022), A basic description of Yilan Creole phonology: with a special focus on the Aohua dialect[7] (Unpublished thesis)
- Peng Qiu (2015), A Preliminary Investigation of Yilan Creole in Taiwan: Discussing predicate position in Yilan Creole[8] (Master's thesis)
- Chien Yuehchen (2023), “Yilan Creole”, in Handbook of Formosan Languages Online: The Indigenous Languages of Taiwan[9], number 44, →ISSN
are
- alternative form of aar
- 1788, A YOLA ZONG.:
Are gentrize ware bibbern, amezill, cou no stone.
Their gentry were quaking, themselves could not stand.
- 1788, A YOLA ZONG.:
- Charles Vallancey (1788), “Memoir of the Language, Manners and Customs of an Anglo-Saxon Colony Settled in the Baronies of Forth and Bargie, in the County of Wexford, Ireland, in 1167, 1168 and 1169.”, in The Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy[10], volume 2, Royal Irish Academy, page 36
- IPA(key): /à.ɾē/
àre
From the same root as eré, iré, and uré, see Proto-Yoruba *V-ré
aré
- alternative form of eré (“running, race”)
- alternative form of eré (“speed”)
- alternative form of eré (“play, pastime”)
àre
- miserableness; the state of being miserable and aimless