po - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Middle English po (found also in pocock), from Old English pāwa, pēa (“peacock”), from Proto-Germanic *pāwô (“peacock”), from Latin pāvō. Cognate with Dutch pauw, German Pfau. See also peacock.
po (plural pos)
A diminutive of pot.
po (plural pos)
- (UK, Australia, New Zealand, colloquial, dated) A chamberpot. [from 19th c.]
- 1961, Michael Flanders and Donald Swann, “P** P* B**** B** D*******”, in The Bestiary of Flanders & Swann:
Ma's out, Pa's out, let's talk rude-- Pee, po, belly, bum, drawers! - 1988, Richard Hoggart, A Local Habitation, 1918-40, Chatto & Windus, →ISBN, page 67:
‘Pos’ or ‘chamber pots’ were provided under the beds. - 1989, Leonard Woolf, edited by Frederic Spotts, Letters of Leonard Woolf, page 86:
There are always several spitoons & pos [chamber pots] about the room & a loathesome smell of consumption, which I expect I shall catch. - 2016, Alan Moore, Jerusalem, Liveright, published 2016, page 44:
Shaking the last few drops from off the end he looked down in surprise at the great head of steam that brimmed above the po, belatedly apprised of just how icy the October garret was.
- 1961, Michael Flanders and Donald Swann, “P** P* B**** B** D*******”, in The Bestiary of Flanders & Swann:
Yoruba: póò
po pl (plural only)
- (slang) The police.
- 2008, Megan T. White, Rounding the Finish Line, Baltimore, M.D.: PublishAmerica, →ISBN, page 209:
"Basically it's a celebration of all the gearheads in the area," Rob told him. "Sometimes we get busted by the po, but we always find a new place to show off our rides. Enjoy this lot while we have it." - 2009, Debra Webb, Secrets in Four Corners, Toronto, Ont. […]: Harlequin, →ISBN, page 155:
"'Bout time the po' got here," someone said loud enough for Bree to hear. - 2018, U-God [Lamont Hawkins], Raw: My Journey Into the Wu-Tang, New York, N.Y.: Picador, →ISBN, page 89:
Now, one of the rules I had—this is another reason why certain police probably respected us dudes—when it was hot, when I saw certain po, we would shut it down. We left. I would just leave. I would give them they space and let them go.
- 2008, Megan T. White, Rounding the Finish Line, Baltimore, M.D.: PublishAmerica, →ISBN, page 209:
From Hokkien 薄 (po̍h / po̍k, “weak”).
po (not comparable)
- (Singapore, colloquial, used as a modifier after kopi (“coffee”) or teh (“tea”)) Thinner; with more water added to dilute it.
Tone: LL[1]
po
to bully
po mo - to bully you^ Kotey, Paul A. (1998), Twi-English/English-Twi Dictionary[1], New York: Hippocrene Books, →ISBN
- Christaller, Johann Gottlieb (1881), A Dictionary of the Asante and Fante Language Called Tshi (Chwee, Tw̌i)[6], Basel, page 381
According to Brian D. Joseph, it is a difficult word with unclear root. Hamp claims origin from Proto-Indo-European *pest (“so”)[1]
po
Used with the present and imperfect tense of a verb to show a continuous action.
It corresponds to the English "be + gerund" formation.^ Joseph, B. D. the Puzzle of Albanian po. 2011
po
- do (make, work, perform)
- V. da Silva Sinha et al, Event-based time intervals in an Amazonian culture, in Space and Time in Languages and Cultures: Language, Culture, and Cognition
- fo (Molet Kasu, Molet Mur)
po
- John Carter, Katie Carter, John Grummitt, Bonnie MacKenzie, Janell Masters, A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Mur Village Vernaculars (2012), page 50
Borrowed from Macedonian по- (po-) or dialectal Serbo-Croatian.[1]
po
-er, more; forms comparative adjectives and adverbs.[1][2][3][4][5]
follows the definite article to form the superlative[4][5]
↑ 1.0 1.1 Boretzky, Norbert; Igla, Birgit (1994), “po(-)²”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 219ab
^ Ronald Lee (2005), “Lesson eighteen”, in Learn Romani: Das-dúma Rromanes, reprint edition, Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press, published 2017, →ISBN, page 269
^ Marcel Courthiade (2009), “po¹”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 279a
↑ 4.0 4.1 Anna-Maria Meyer (2020), “The Impact of Slavic Languages on Romani”, in Yaron Matras, Anton Tenser, editors, The Palgrave Handbook of Romani Language and Linguistics, Palgrave Macmillan, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 277-278
↑ 5.0 5.1 Yūsuke Sumi (2018), ニューエクスプレスプラス ロマ(ジプシー)語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 96-97
po
- synonym of pobo (“water”)
- Mônica Cidele da Cruz, Povo Umutína : a busca da identidade linguística e cultural [Les Umutína : À la recherche d’une identité linguistique et culturelle], Université Unicamp / Campinas, 2012, page 40
pò (Basahan spelling ᜉᜓ)
- (formal, polite) marks respect toward the person the speaker is addressing
Synonym: tabi
Dagos po kamo.
Come on in, Sir/Ma'am.
Ma, maduman po ako sa simbahan.
Mom, I am going to church.
po
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
* Hanyu Pinyin: pōu
* Zhuyin: ㄆㄡ
* Tongyong Pinyin: pou
* Wade–Giles: pʻou1
* Yale: pōu
* Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pou
* Palladius: поу (pou)
* Sinological IPA (key): /pʰoʊ̯⁵⁵/ - (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
* Hanyu Pinyin: pō
* Zhuyin: ㄆㄛ
* Tongyong Pinyin: po
* Wade–Giles: pʻo1
* Yale: pwō
* Gwoyeu Romatzyh: po
* Palladius: по (po)
* Sinological IPA (key): /pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
* Jyutping: pou1
* Yale: pōu
* Cantonese Pinyin: pou1
* Guangdong Romanization: pou1
* Sinological IPA (key): /pʰou̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
po
po
From Proto-Central Naga *phuʔ.
po
- Bruhn, Daniel Wayne (2014), A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Central Naga[8], Berkeley: University of California, page 196
- Gowda, K. S. Gurubasave (1985), Ao-English-Hindi Dictionary, Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages, page 50
- Clark, Mary M. (1893), Ao Naga grammar with illustrative phrases and vocabulary, Molung: Assam Secretariat Printing Office, page 149
According to an Gerlyver Meur, either an unstressed form of py (“which”) or provected form of the present-future subjunctive of bos (“to be”).
po
Contraction of pa (“when”) and the present-future subjunctive of bos (“to be”).
- (Revived Late Cornish) IPA(key): /poː/
po
- (Revived Late Cornish) contraction of pa + vo, literally “when ... is”
**po'**chy ha dha wreg pries
when you and your wife are married
po margh ledrys
when a horse is stolen
po n
- abbreviation of pondělí (“Monday”)
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
From Old Czech po, from Proto-Slavic *po, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó.
po [_with_ locative]
- after
po západu slunce - after sunset - along / across a surface
po [_with_ accusative]
- (space, time, scales, lists) up to, for
- (dimension) all through
- “po”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
- “po”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “po”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026
po m (plural po's, diminutive pootje n)
Borrowed from Russian по (po) and Polish po.
po
- A grammatical particle used with quantity words to indicate rate or a distributive quantity: each, apiece, at, @
Antonym: -ope
Mi kudrados ĉiutage po 10 horoj. ― I will sew 10 hours a day.
Oni povas nokti po 6 frankoj. ― You can spend the night for 6 francs (a night).
La kurso daŭras dum 10 tagoj po 30 minutoj. ― The course lasts 10 days at 30 minutes (a day).
La komitato estas rebalotota ĉiun trian jaron po triono. ― A third of the committee is reelected every third year.
La gastoj trinkis po (unu) glaseton da vino. ― The guests each drank one glass of wine.
Ili ricevis po 5 pomojn. ― They received 5 apples apiece.
Elektu al vi po 3 homojn el ĉiu tribo. ― Choose for yourselves 3 people (apiece) from each tribe.
po (accusative singular po-on, plural po-oj, accusative plural po-ojn)
- The name of the Latin script letter P/p.
- (Latin-script letter names) litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo
- “po”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
- “po”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026
- pó
- poo
From Old Galician-Portuguese poo, from Vulgar Latin *pulus, from earlier *pulvus n, from Latin pulvis m, from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“flour, dust”). Compare Portuguese pó. Doublet of polvo, which was borrowed from Spanish polvo.
po m (plural pos)
- dust
- 1276, M. Lucas Álvarez, P. Lucas Dominguez, editors, El monasterio de San Clodio do Ribeiro en la Edad Media: estudio y documentos, Sada / A Coruña: Edicións do Castro, page 375:
et este pan deue a seer qual o Deus der no logar et seer linpo de palla et de poo, d'eruellada et de mosceyra, et deue a seer ben seco et ben linpo et bõõ pan
and this grain must be that that God gives at that place, and it must be clean of chaff and dust, of vetch and fodder, and it must be well dry and well clean and good grain
- 1276, M. Lucas Álvarez, P. Lucas Dominguez, editors, El monasterio de San Clodio do Ribeiro en la Edad Media: estudio y documentos, Sada / A Coruña: Edicións do Castro, page 375:
- powder
- 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Rufus, Jordanus: Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 141:
E Nota que o poo dos collos das abroteas ual mays que todos llos outros, et dos ditos poos deuen vsar nos llugarres neruossos et jntrincados de veas et darterias
Take note that the powder of the rhizomes of the asphodels has more value than all the rest, and that these powders should be used in places that are nervous and entangled with veins and arteries
- 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Rufus, Jordanus: Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 141:
- poalla
- poeira
- Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “poo”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “po”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “po”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “po”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “po”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Guinea-Bissau Creole
[edit]
From Portuguese pau. Cognate with Kabuverdianu pó.
po
From Portuguese pó. Cognate with Kabuverdianu puera.
po
po
- Targète, Jean; Urciolo, Raphael (1993), Haitian Creole-English Dictionary[9], Dunwoody Press, →ISBN, page 152
pô m (possessed form pôn)
Borrowed from Esperanto po, Russian по (po).
po
- for, at the price of, in exchange for; per
Me kompris la domo po quaradek mil euri. ― I bought the house for forty thousand euros.
po
- Walter Seiler, The Main Structures of Imonda (1984)
- Walter Seiler, Imonda: Papuan Language, page 188: "Another excellent example that illustrates the relational character of -l, is provided by po water. When po is used to refer to general water, rain or creeks it has no -l. When it refers to wound water or coconut water it does end in -l."
po
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pa (“after, by”) (compare Latvian pa, pa-, Old Prussian po (“after, by, under”), Proto-Slavic *po (“after, by, at”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó, *h₂epó (“away, from”).[1] Other cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀢 (a-pu, “from”), Sanskrit अप (ápa, “away, off”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎱 (a-p /apa/, “away”), Latin ab (“from”), Gothic 𐌰𐍆 (af, “of”). See pa-, pó- for more.
põ
- under, beneath (movement, position) [_with_ instrumental]
- beside, near, along (movement, position) [_with_ instrumental or genitive]
- expresses the direction of movement [_with_ instrumental or genitive]
eik põ dešinei ― go to the right - after, following a certain time period, event; after the disappearance or loss of [_with_ genitive]
- expresses gradual progression; one after another [_with_ genitive]
mẽtai põ mẽtų ― year after year - until, up to a certain time [_with_ dative]
Teñ jiẽ gyvẽna ir̃ põ šiái diẽnai ― they live there until this day - around, throughout the whole of [_with_ accusative]
keliáuti põ Europą ― travel around Europe - used to express division into equal parts [_with_ accusative]
vaikai̇̃ gãvo põ gãbalą sū́rio ― the kids got a piece of cheese each
põ truputį ― little by little - expresses the manner of an action [_with_ genitive or dative or instrumental]
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “po”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 368-9
po
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 桲
po
- nonstandard spelling of pō
- nonstandard spelling of pó
- nonstandard spelling of pǒ
- nonstandard spelling of pò
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
- pa, paa, paue, pe, poo, poue
Inherited from Old English pāwa, pēa, from Proto-Germanic *pāwô, from Latin pāvō. Influenced by the first element of Old Norse páfugl.
po (plural poos)
- pecok
- English: pea, po (archaic)
- “pō, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 10 October 2018.
po
- Harrison, Sheldon P.; Albert, Salich Y. (1977), Mokilese-English Dictionary[10], Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii, →ISBN, page 195
Cognate to Gbiri-Niragu pobo.
po
- R. Blench, The Benue-Congo languages
- Samuel Crowther, A Grammar and Vocabulary of the Nupe Language (1864)
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *po.
po
- for (for the purpose of) [_with_ accusative or locative]
- until; after [_with_ accusative]
- for the entire, all [_with_ accusative]
- during, in the period of [_with_ accusative or genitive or locative]
- for the Xth time [_with_ accusative]
- per, a piece [_with_ accusative or locative]
- after; because of [_with_ dative or locative]
- up to; towards [_with_ dative]
- to behind [_with_ dative]
- according to [_with_ dative or locative]
- in the manner of [_with_ dative]
- for (to what end) [_with_ dative] (of a success or failure)
- creates adverbs in conjunction with an adjective. [_with_ dative]
- denotes repeated action. [_with_ dative]
- on top of; on [_with_ locative]
- denotes general area as scene of action; around, about; along [_with_ locative]
- with, by way of [_with_ locative]
- behind [_with_ locative]
- after [_with_ locative]
- carried out by [_with_ locative]
- in the absence of [_with_ locative]
- through, by means of [_with_ locative]
- as to, with regard to [_with_ locative]
- denotes maximum amount; up to [_with_ locative]
- denotes price of something. [_with_ locative]
- more than [_with_ locative]
- for, for the benefit of [_with_ locative]
- Czech: po
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “po”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep
Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó
Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó
Proto-Balto-Slavic *pa
Proto-Slavic *po
Old Polish po
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *po. First attested in the 14th century.
po
- denotes sequence in time; after [_with_ locative]
Synonym: pod - denotes general location; at, in, on [_with_ locative or dative]
- (more specifically) along [_with_ locative]
- denotes previous related person; after [_with_ locative]
- denotes next in a sequence of people; after [_with_ locative]
- denotes cause; after; because of [_with_ locative]
- according to, in accordance with [_with_ locative]
- denotes an instrument to an acction; with, by means of [_with_ locative]
- according to, based on [_with_ locative]
- denotes manner of the object; like, as [_with_ locative]
- denotes distribution; per [_with_ locative or dative]
- used in grammatical government; [_with_ locative]
- it indicates a spatial limit; up to [_with_ accusative]
- denotes a time when something takes place; during [_with_ accusative or dative]
- denotes the aim or purpose of an action; for [_with_ accusative]
- creates an adverb from the next noun; [_with_ accusative]
- with an ordinal number; denotes which time in a sequence; for the _ time [_with_ accusative]
Synonym: za - denotes the source or agent of an action; [_with_ dative]
- denotes the distribution of the counted items; [_with_ dative or accusative or locative]
Polish: po
Silesian: po
B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “po”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *po, from Proto-Tupian *po.[1]
po (plural pokuéra)
po
Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *por, from Proto-Tupian *pot.[2]
po
^ Nikulin, Andrey (2020), Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo [Proto-Macro-Jê: a reconstructive study][2] (in Portuguese), Brasília: UnB, pages 566–567
^ Corrêa da Silva, Beatriz Carretta (2010), Mawé/Awetí/Tupí-Guaraní: relações linguísticas e implicações históricas [Mawé/Awetí/Tupí-Guaraní: linguistic relations and historical implications][3] (in Portuguese), Brasília: UnB
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep
Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó
Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó
Proto-Balto-Slavic *pa
Proto-Slavic *po
Old Polish po
Polish po
Inherited from Old Polish po.
po
- after (later in time or sequence) [_with_ locative]
W piątki po pracy często chodzimy do pubu. ― On Fridays after work we often go to the pub.
Cały dzień czyta książkę po książce o polityce. ― All day long he reads book after book about politics. - after (in pursuit of) [_with_ accusative]
Jadą po nas! Zmykajcie! ― They're coming after us! Scram! - around, about [_with_ locative]
Mój brat spędził miesiąc podróżując po Polsce. ― My brother spent a month travelling around Poland. - past [_with_ locative]
Wykłady zaczynają się o kwadrans po ósmej. ― Lectures begin at quarter past eight. - on [_with_ locative]
Kobiety siedzą po prawej stronie, a mężczyźni po lewej. ― Women sit on the right hand, and men on the left. - for indicates that a container was previously used for something [_with_ locative]
Co zrobić ze słoikiem po dżemie? ― What can I do with an empty jam jar? - from [_with_ locative]
Tę całą biżuterię odziedziczyłam po matce. ― I inherited all this jewellery from my mother.
Od razu rozpoznałem go po grzmiącym głosie. ― I instantly recognised him from the booming voice. - after (in allusion to), for [_with_ locative]
Nazwaliśmy naszego syna po zmarłym wujku. ― We named our son after his late uncle. - done for (doomed) [_with_ locative]
Jest już po tobie, brachu. ― You're done for, bro. - for (in order to obtain) [_with_ accusative]
Musimy pójść do sklepu po mleko. ― We have to go to the shop for milk. - up to, as far as [_with_ accusative]
Woda w piwnicy była po kolana. ― The water in the cellar was up to our knees. - in, for, at denotes a quantity of something [_with_ accusative]
Mam trzy zgrzewki po sześć puszek, czyli osiemnaście puszek. ― I have three multipacks of six cans, i.e. eighteen cans.
Kupiłem te bilety po 20 złotych, a oferuję je po 10. ― I bought these tickets for 20 złoty each, but I'm offering them for 10. - according to, in the way of, a la, as [_with_ dative]
Jego ulubioną potrawą jest karkówka po cygańsku. ― His favourite dish is gypsy pork.
Lubię ją, ale tylko po przyjacielsku. ― I like her, but only as a friend. - in (the language of) [_with_ dative]
Świetnie mówisz po polsku jak na cudzoziemca. ― You speak great Polish for a foreigner.
Nie umiem pisać po chińsku. ― I don't know how to write in Chinese.
In the dative, adjectives (formed from nouns) that end in -cki, -dzki, -ski for the lemma take the archaic suffixes -cku, -dzku, -sku instead of the usual -ckiemu, -dzkiemu, -skiemu when used with this preposition; therefore, po łucku, po grodzku, po kowalsku, but po cywilnemu, po macoszemu, po staremu.[1]
po
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), po is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 282 times in scientific texts, 293 times in news, 195 times in essays, 552 times in fiction, and 406 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 1728 times, making it the 24th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]
- ^ “Formy potencjalne”, in Koalar[4] (in Polish), 2006–2017, archived from the original on 19 April 2019
- ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “po”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language][5] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 377
- “po”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego[11] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- “po”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN[12] (in Polish)
- Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “po”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “po”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “po”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1908), “po”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw, page 274
Contraction of para + o.
-
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /po/
Hyphenation: po
po m sg (masculine plural pos, feminine singular pa, feminine plural pas)
- (colloquial) nonstandard form of pro
po
po
po
po
- Clemens Voorhoeve (1975), Languages of Irian Jaya Checklist, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, →DOI, page 113
From pol, from Proto-Slavic *polъ. See po-.
pȏ (Cyrillic spelling по̑)
- (Bosnia, Serbia) half
sat i po ― hour and a half
četiri i po ― four thirty
čov(j)ek i po ― an excellent man
From Proto-Slavic *po, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)po.
pȍ (Cyrillic spelling по̏)
- for [_with_ accusative]
otići po ml(ij)eko ― to go and get the milk
po c(ij)eli dan ― all day long
po šesti put ― for the sixth time
biti štetan po nekoga/nešto ― to be harmful for sb/sth
dobro/loše po njega ― good/bad for him - over, through, across, in, on [_with_ locative]
udariti po glavi ― to hit on the head
sn(ij)eg je pao po cesti ― snow fell on the road
voda se prolila po podu ― water spilled over the floor
šetati po šumi ― to walk in the woods - by, with, through (using an intermediary or medium) [_with_ locative]
Poslao sam mu paket po zajedničkom prijatelju. ― I've sent him a package via a mutual friend.
po zraku/vodi ― by air/water - by, according to [_with_ locative]
sve ide po planu ― everything is going according to the plan
Amerika je prva država po bogatstvu u sv(ij)etu. ― America is the richest country in the world.
po glavi stanovnika ― per capita
živ(j)eti po principima ― to live according to principles
po mom(e) mišljenju ― in my opinion
po mom računu ― by my reckoning
po meni ― in my opinion; as far as I'm concerned
svirati po sluhu ― to play by ear
suditi po vanjštini ― to judge by appearance - after [_with_ locative]
po svršetku sukoba ― after (the end of) the conflict - during [_with_ locative]
po kiši/suncu ― in the rain/sun
po danu ― during the day - in miscellaneous senses in various phrasal constructs [_with_ locative]
razum(ij)e se (samo) po sebi ― it goes without saying
neka bude po tvome ― let it be your way
jednak po veličini ― equal in size
sve je po starom ― everything is/goes in the accustomed/usual manner
po običaju ― as usual, according to custom
po vr(ij)ednosti ― in value
po svoj prilici ― in all likelihood
po rodu ― by birth
po naravi/prirodi ― in nature
po toj c(ij)eni ― at this price
po paragrafu 13 ― under section 13
po što po to ― by all means
po mogućnosti ― if possible
po redu ― in order, one after another
po mom ukusu ― (according) to my taste
po kvaliteti ― by quality
po tome ― according to this/that, accordingly, consequently, then
po zakonu ― according to the law, by the law
po duljini ― lengthwise
po (Cyrillic spelling по)
- denoting distribution and succession; by, per, each, apiece [_with_ accusative or nominative]
Popili smo svi po čašicu rakije. ― We all drank a glass of rakija each.
korak po korak ― step by step
jedan po jedan ― one by one
triput po satu ― three times per hour
Svi smo dobili po jabuku. ― Each of us received an apple.
- “po”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026
- “po”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026
- pō (before nasals)
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep
Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó
Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó
Proto-Balto-Slavic *pa
Proto-Slavic *po
Old Polish po
Silesian po
Inherited from Old Polish po.
po
- denotes general location about, around; along [_with_ locative]
Synonym: na
Antonyms: nad, pod - after [_with_ locative]
Antonym: przed - denotes point in space on [_with_ locative]
Synonym: z - dith certain verbs of speaking; denotes recipient of a message. [_with_ locative]
Synonym: na - denotes maximum amount; up to [_with_ accusative or locative]
Synonym: z - dreates an adverb from an adjective. [_with_ dative] (archaic dative ending in -u)
- denotes aim of an action; for [_with_ locative]
- for indicates that a container was previously used for something [_with_ locative]
- denotes characteristic by which one might recognize something; from [_with_ locative]
- denotes absence of something or something; after [_with_ accusative]
- denotes possessor. [_with_ locative]
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep
Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó
Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó
Proto-Balto-Slavic *pa
Proto-Slavic *po
Slovak po
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *po.
po
- (in conjunctions with nominative case of integer numerals) expresses a distribution, spread in layout
predávať kus po päť korún ― selling a piece for five coins - introduces an adverbial phrase of a manner
po slovensky ― in Slovak
po kamarátsky pozdraviť ― to friendly greet
po [_with_ accusative]
- spatial, temporal or numerical limit/range
Antonym: od
siahať po strechu ― reach for the roof - goal, objective
ísť po noviny ― to get newspaper - time period, during, throughout, while
tradície žijú po stáročia ― traditions have been around for centuries - ranking, order (placement)
vidí to po prvý raz ― he is seeing it for the first time
po [_with_ locative]
- orientation or arrangement along the length, across the (entire) surface, touching multiple members of a series or group, in various directions
ísť po ceste ― to go along the road
prsty behajú po klávesoch ― fingers fly across the keys - method, means, medium, or intermediary
poznať po reči ― recognize by speech
zliezť po rebríku ― climb down from the ladder - spread, distribution across parts (in space, in time, etc.)
ležali po nemocniciach ― they were lying across the hospitals
čítať po nociach ― read at night - goal, objective
- sequence in time or in order
po Vianociach ― after Christmas
jeden po druhom ― one by another - origin, originator
zdediť po dedovi ― inherit from grandfather
voňať po jahodách ― smell like strawberries - inflection of verbs and nouns
Near-synonym: za
túžba po láske ― longing for love
túžiť po porozumení ― to yearn for understanding
- “po”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026
From Proto-Slavic *po.
po
- around, about [_with_ locative]
- along, through (the length of) [_with_ locative]
- according to
- in the manner of [_with_ accusative]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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From pues.
po
- (Andalusia) emphatic, well
Synonym: pues
Po yo pensaba que no. ― Well, I didn't think so.
Po sí ― Yes. - (colloquial, Chile) emphatic
Synonym: pues
¡Sí po! ― Yes, of course!
¡Ya, po! ― Come on!
- Always used at the end of a sentence.
-po
- -po: verbal affix
- -wako (“to be (at an indefinite place)”)
- -wamo (“to be inside (of a definite place)”)
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puəq. Compare Malay empu, Indonesian empu, Old Javanese mpu. Also possibly from clipping of poon (“lord”).
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈpoʔ/ [ˈpoʔ]
- Rhymes: -oʔ
- Syllabification: po
pô (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓ)
- marks respect toward the person the speaker is addressing
Synonyms: (familiar) ho, (dialectal, emphatic) puko
Tuloy po kayo. ― Come on in, Sir/Ma'am.
Pupunta po ako sa simbahan, Inay. ― I am going to church, Mother.
The word does not appear at a beginning of a sentence unless used alone.
In standard Tagalog, the word po is more formal and polite than ho. In other dialects, this is not observed and has no difference.
Old dictionaries indicate that puko was used by women before while po was used by men.
“po”, in Pinoy Dictionary, 2010–2026.
Noceda, Fr. Juan José de; Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860), Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves, y coordinado por…, ultimamente aumentado y corregido por varios religiosos de la Orden de Agustinos calzados.[13] (overall work in Spanish and Classical Tagalog), Manila: Ramírez y Giraudier.
Santos, Fr. Domingo de los (1835), _Vocabulario de la lengua Tagala, primera y segunda parte. En la primera, se pone primero el Castellano, y despues el Tagalo. Y en la segunda al contrario, que son las raíces simples con sus acentos._[14] (overall work in Spanish and Classical Tagalog), Manila: La Imprenta nueva de D. José María Dayot, por Tomás Oliva.
Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016), Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 139
Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*pueq”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
Lehmann considers the possibility of a connection to Zoque words for "white" (poopo).
po
- This is the form Lehmann says is given in the Sapper-Ricke wordlists; the form given in Johnston's vocabulary is poot.
- Walter Lehmann, Über die Stellung und Verwandtschaft der Subtiaba-Sprache der pazifischen Küste Nicaraguas und über die Sprache von Tapachula in Südchiapas (1915), Zeitschrift für Ethnologie 47, presenting the wordlists of Karl Sapper, Ricke, and Amado Johnston.
From Proto-Tocharian [Term?] (whence also Tocharian A puk). Possibly related to Ancient Greek πᾶς (pâs), descended from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂-ent- (“all”).
po
po
po
- Mônica Cidele da Cruz, Povo Umutína : a busca da identidade linguística e cultural [Les Umutína : À la recherche d’une identité linguistique et culturelle], Université Unicamp / Campinas, 2012, page 40
Borrowed from Latin post (“behind”).
po
po
- Bob Brown, Waris grammar sketch, 1990 (2012), page 29
- IPA(key): /pɒ˧/
po
- John Duffy, Writing from These Roots: Literacy in a Hmong-American Community →ISBN, 2007)
- IPA(key): /k͡pò/
pò
- (transitive) to mix, to stir
Má pò ó pọ̀ síbẹ̀. ― Don't mix it together yet. - (transitive) to beat, to whisk
Bá mi po ẹyin. ― Help me beat the eggs. - (transitive) to knead
- (transitive) to make warm drinks, baby food, or medicine.
A gbọ́dọ̀ lo omi gbígbóná nígbà tí a bá fẹ́ po tíì. ― We must use hot water when we want to make tea.
pó